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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2019 Sep;44(18):1257–1269. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000003055

Figure 5. Annular puncture injury did not affect creep biomechanical properties at six weeks after injury, as measured with a 5 parameter viscoelastic solid model.

Figure 5.

Neither total displacement (A), fast time constant (B), slow time constant (C), nor elastic response stiffness (D) differed between sham and either 1x or 3x, or between males and females. (E) A significant interaction effect was found for fast response stiffness (associated with IVD bulge), with male IVDs exhibiting a significantly greater fast response stiffness than female IVDs after 3x injury. (F) Unlike fast response stiffness, slow response stiffness (associated with fluid exudation) did not have a significant interaction effect (p = 0.0511) (n = 6–8, p values for 2-way ANOVA effects shown below each graph).