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. 2019 Sep 3;10:3970. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-11938-8

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — In vitro validation of optogenetic strategy. a Chronos injection (green) in the BLA. b Example recordings of BLA principal neurons (PN, black) and fast-spiking interneurons (FS, red). c Spike waveforms (n = 53 cells, 10 rats). d Example responses to a 500-ms light pulse (blue). e FS responses to 2-ms light pulses (blue). f PN inhibition by a light-pulse train (blue). g Effect of picrotoxin (PTX-100 μM, gray) on light-evoked inhibition of PN (black). h Cell response patterns (PN-black, FS-red). i Proportion of in vitro spiking at 50 Hz light stimulation (top) along with prevalent response types (bottom). j Example response of FS cell to light pulses in vivo. k Same for example PN cell. l In vivo multiunit activity (MUA) response to 2-ms light pulses (n = 6 sessions, 3 rats). Error bars: SEM. m Light-evoked LFP potential (average, blue ± SEM, shading) by 2-ms pulses is abolished by isoflurane overdose (black, n = 5 rats, Mann Whitney U(4) = 40, p = 0.0079)