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. 2019 Jun 27;33(10):3069–3139. doi: 10.1007/s00464-019-06907-7
Level 3 Failure to position/fix the mesh flat may contribute to postoperative bulging
Level 3 Larger hernia defect size is associated with a higher rate of postoperative bulging
Level 4 There is no significant difference in the incidence of bulging according to mesh fixation technique
Level 4 Mesh type may influence the rate of postoperative bulging