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. 2019 Aug 28;13:843. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00843

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Copyright © 2019 Kavanagh, Day, Pait, Mortiz, Newgard, Ilkayeva, Mcclain and Macauley.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Amino acid(AA) concentrations are decreased in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but not plasma of type 2 diabetes (T2D) monkeys. (A) T2D monkeys had significantly decreased branch chain amino acids (BCAA), (B) total amino acid concentrations, (C) essential AAs, (D) aromatic AAs, and (E) basic AAs, but not (F) acidic AAs. (G–L) Conversely, plasma amino acid concentrations were not different between groups. ^∗p < 0.05; ^∗∗p < 0.01; ^∗∗∗p < 0.001; and ^∗∗∗∗p < 0.0001; one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Values represent mean ± SEM.