Fig. 4. Systemic and local inflammation in bladder tissue was induced by uroplakin 3A (UPK3A) immunization, and low-energy shock wave (LESW) treatment decreased local inflammatory reactions. (A) Serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), nerve growth factor (NGF), interleukin (IL)-2, and IL-6, respectively, influenced by UPK3A immunization and LESW treatment. (B) Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction examination of expression levels of NGF, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TNF-α, and IL-2, -4, -6, and -8. (C) Western blot examination of protein levels of TNF-α, NGF, and downstream inflammatory marker nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). (D) Calculation of Western blot results based on bands' grey scale. *p<0.05 compared to Sham. #p<0.05 compared to UPK3A.
