Figure 1.

NETosis in Renal Disease. Neutrophil activation can lead to the release of NETs, mesh-like structures comprised of DNA and polymorphonuclear proteins such as myeloperoxidase (MPO), neutrophil elastase (NE) and citrullinated histones H3. NETs produce tissue damage through DNA, histones, neutrophil elastase, autoantibodies and complement activation. Moreover, NETs are involved in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases that damage the kidney such as acute kidney injury, lupus nephritis, small vessel and ANCA-associated vasculitis.