Table 3.
Comparison of clinical outcomes between Group 1 and 2. Continuous variables are summarized as mean ± standard deviation and compared by Student’s t tests. Categorical variables are expressed as number and percentage and compared by chi-square tests or Fisher’s exact tests as appropriate.
| Clinical Outcomes During Admission | Whole Sample | Gestational Age ≤ 28 Weeks | Gestational Age > 28 Weeks | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 (n = 99) | Group 2 (n = 128) | p | Group 1 (n = 26) | Group 2 (n = 43) | p | Group 1 (n = 73) | Group 2 (n = 85) | p | |
| Days on mechanical ventilation | 6.4 ± 15.4 | 5.6 ± 10.8 | 0.651 | 21.2 ± 24.7 | 13.2 ± 13.8 | 0.141 | 1.1 ± 2.4 | 1.7 ±5.9 | 0.401 |
| Days on non-invasive respiratory support | 18.4 ± 21.6 | 21.3 ± 23.2 | 0.339 | 41.9 ± 26.3 | 42.3 ± 24.0 | 0.943 | 10.1 ± 11.1 | 10.7 ± 13.7 | 0.761 |
| Days on oxygen | 16.8 ± 33.0 | 16.3 ± 30.0 | 0.915 | 50.1 ± 49.0 | 42.6 ± 38.6 | 0.485 | 4.9 ± 10.4 | 3.0 ± 8.8 | 0.218 |
| Days on antibiotics | 10.8 ± 12.7 | 12.7 ± 12.9 | 0.267 | 24.4 ± 17.7 | 23.8 ± 14.4 | 0.884 | 6.0 ± 4.6 | 7.1 ± 7.2 | 0.253 |
| Days on central line | 14.4 ± 14.3 | 14.1 ± 10.5 | 0.864 | 25.0 ± 21.8 | 21.7 ± 12.2 | 0.420 | 9.4 ± 5.8 | 10.4 ± 5.0 | 0.247 |
| Days on parenteral nutrition | 13.5 ± 13.9 | 14.2 ± 9.7 | 0.658 | 25.8 ± 23.4 | 23.1 ± 12.8 | 0.542 | 10.3 ± 4.9 | 9.6 ± 4.7 | 0.308 |
| Patent ductus arteriosus | 44/99 (44.4%) | 57/128 (44.5%) | 0.990 | 21/26 (80.8%) | 31/43 (72.1%) | 0.418 | 23/73 (31.5%) | 26/59 (30.6%) | 0.901 |
| Surgical patent ductus arteriosus | 16/99 (16.2%) | 11/128 (8.6%) | 0.081 | 13/26 (50%) | 10/43 (23.3%) | 0.022 | 3/73 (4.1%) | 1/85 (1.2%) | 0.336 |
| Necrotizing enterocolitis | 9/99 (9.1%) | 4/128 (3.1%) | 0.055 | 5/26 (19.2%) | 4/43 (9.3%) | 0.282 | 4/73 (5.5%) | 0/85 (0%) | 0.044 |
| Surgical necrotizing enterocolitis | 5/9 (55.6%) | 1/4 (25%) | 0.308 | 1/26 (3.8%) | 1/43 (2.3%) | 1.000 | 0/73 | 0/85 | - |
| Late-onset sepsis | 18/99 (18.2%) | 27/128 (21.1%) | 0.585 | 14/26 (53.8%) | 22/43 (51.2%) | 0.829 | 4/73 (5.5%) | 5/73 (5.9%) | 0.913 |
| Bronchopulmonary dysplasia | 21/96 (21.9%) | 28/124 (22.6%) | 0.901 | 15/24 (62.5%) | 25/39 (64.1%) | 0.898 | 6/72 (8.3%) | 3/85 (3.5%) | 0.172 |
| Retinopathy of prematurity (any stage) | 27/87 (31%) | 43/113 (38.1%) | 0.302 | 19/23 (82.6%) | 26/40 (65.0%) | 0.136 | 8/64 (12.5%) | 17/56 (23.3%) | 0.103 |
| Severe retinopathy of prematurity | 5/81 (6.2%) | 6/112 (5.4%) | 0.809 | 5/23 (21.7%) | 6/39 (15.4%) | 0.732 | 0/58 (0%) | 0/73 (0%) | - |
| Severe intraventricular hemorrhage (grade III-IV) | 6/99 (6.1%) | 12/128 (9.4%) | 0.359 | 6/26 (23.1%) | 9/43 (20.9%) | 0.834 | 0/73 (0.0%) | 3/85 (3.5%) | 0.250 |
| Death | 4/99 (4%) | 7/128 (5.5%) | 0.619 | 3/26 (11.5%) | 6/43 (14.0%) | 1.000 | 1/73 (1.4%) | 1/85 (1.2%) | 1.000 |