Table 4.
Characteristics of the patients according to low bone mineral density (BMD).
| Variable | Low BMD n = 46 | Normal BMD n = 44 | p | OR (95% CI) Adjusted a |
p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | |||||
| Male | 18 (39) | 36 (81) | 0.000 | 12.81 (4.78–25.43) | 0.001 |
| Female | 28 (61) | 8 (19) | |||
| Age, years | 46.6 ± 16.5 | 47.6 ± 18.4 | 0.78 | 0.98 (0.87–1.15) | 0.75 |
| BMI | 24.2 ± 4.6 | 25.7 ± 3.9 | 0.08 | 0.91 (0.76–1.17) | 0.25 |
| Type of disease | |||||
| UC | 35 (52) | 32 (72) | 0.90 | 1.45 (0.98–5.36) | 0.62 |
| CD | 11 (48) | 12 (27) | |||
| Disease duration, years | 15.6 ± 10.8 | 16.3 ± 10.9 | 0.40 | 1.05 (0.91–4.23) | 0.11 |
| Dietary restriction | 35 (76) | 28 (63) | 0.19 | 1.16 (1.03–1.85) | 0.03 |
| Avoiding dairy products | 29 (63) | 13 (30) | 0.001 | 11.6 (4.33–28.71) | 0.001 |
| Vitamin D levels | 20.2 ± 7.4 | 19.2 ± 7.1 | 0.50 | 0.91 (0.87–1.16) | 0.78 |
| Inadequate calcium intake | 38 (83) | 34 (77) | 0.24 | 2.26 (0.45–5.26) | 0.31 |
| Smokers | 15 (32) | 11 (25) | 0.28 | 1.67 (1.32–4.23) | 0.04 |
| Steroid-dependent | 25 (54) | 18 (40) | 0.20 | 4.08 (1.14–7.56) | 0.03 |
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; MVA, multivariate analysis; OR, odds ratio; SD, standard deviation; UC, ulcerative colitis; CD, Crohn’s disease; VSI, visceral sensitivity index. Values are numbers (%), mean ± SD or median with range as indicated; means were compared using a Student’s t-test when data were normally distributed and a Mann–Whitney U test when data were not normally distributed, and proportions were determined using a chi-squared test. ORs with 95% CI in brackets are given. Bold text indicates a statistically significant difference with a p-value less than 0.05. a All variables except age, disease duration, and BMI entered MVA analysis as categorical variables.