Table 2.
L | Incubation Time/Temperature | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
4 h | 8 h | 24 h | ||||
Target Moisture (%) | 30 °C | 45 °C | 30 °C | 45 °C | 30 °C | 45 °C |
NT | 85.90 ± 0.63 b | 85.35 ± 0.86 b | 85.75 ± 0.43 b | 86.25 ± 0.31 | 84.70 ± 0.28 b | 86.11 ± 0.59 b |
12 | 88.34 ± 0.11 a | 87.89 ± 0.22 a | 88.09 ± 0.17 a | 88.03 ± 0.26 | 86.84 ± 1.25 ab | 87.76 ± 0.35 a |
14 | 88.57 ± 0.25 a | 88.25 ± 0.14 a | 88.72 ± 0.01 a | 88.51 ± 0.22 | 88.98 ± 0.04 a | 88.14 ± 0.07 a |
a | ||||||
NT | −6.19 ± 0.06 a | −5.99 ± 0.00 a | −5.86 ± 0.04 a | −6.07 ± 0.16 a | −5.52 ± 0.35 a | −6.10 ± 0.11 a |
12 | −6.93 ± 0.05 b | −7.05 ± 0.07 b | −6.83 ± 0.07 b | −6.93 ± 0.08 b | −6.58 ± 0.19 b | −6.78 ± 0.07 b |
14 | −7.15 ± 0.11 b | −7.14 ± 0.02 b | −7.06 ± 0.11 b | −7.23 ± 0.06 b | −7.08 ± 0.13 b | −7.09 ± 0.05 c |
b | ||||||
NT | 19.24 ± 0.69 b | 18.95 ± 0.11 c | 18.90 ± 0.29 c | 19.33 ± 0.23 c | 18.27 ± 0.65 | 19.24 ± 0.56 b |
12 | 20.32 ± 0.06 ab | 20.56 ± 0.03 b | 20.35 ± 0.31 b | 20.69 ± 0.48 b | 19.58 ± 1.14 | 20.51 ± 0.34 ab |
14 | 21.32 ± 0.33 a | 21.34 ± 0.36 a | 21.40 ± 0.07 a | 21.84 ±0.31 a | 21.32 ± 0.13 | 21.29 ± 0.35 a |
1 NT, nontempered control flours. Different lowercase letters represent significant (p < 0.05) differences among samples incubated at the same temperature and for the same length, but tempered to different target moistures (i.e., across columns). Target moisture did not significantly affect L values of samples incubated at 45 °C for 8 h and b values of samples incubated at 30 °C for 24 h.