Table 2.
Cases of aggressive pituitary neuroendocrine tumors and pituitary carcinomas treated with VEGF-targeted therapy.
| Ref. | Sex and Age at Diagnosis | Tumor Type | Carcinoma | Previous Treatments | Treatment | Response | Adverse Effects |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [25] | Male, 38y | Silent corticotroph | Yes | 4 NS, RT, NS, TMZ, NS, TMZ, surgery for metastases, TMZ, RT for metastases, NS | BVZ 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks for 26 months (ongoing) | TV: SD for 26 months ** | NA |
| [28] | Female, 25y | Functioning corticotroph | Yes | 2 NS, bilateral adrenalectomy, NS, RT, SSA, RT, TMZ | BVZ + pasireotide for 6 months | TV: SD at 6 months ** HS: PR at 6 months |
NA |
| [24] | Female, 50y | Functioning corticotroph |
No | 2 NS, RT, NS, bilateral adrenalectomy, 2 NS, LAR+CAB, TMZ | BVZ * | Transient SD ** (patient deceased due to complications of another NS) | NA |
| [27] | Male, 63y | Functioning corticotroph |
Yes | NS | BVZ 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks + TMZ 75 mg/m2 daily + RT for 2 months, then TMZ 200 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days out of 28 days for 12 cycles | TV: CR of the pulmonary nodule 8 weeks after starting BVZ+TMZ+RT, with no recurrence for 5 years HS: NA |
NA |
| [3] | NA | NA | NA | No previous TMZ * | BVZ + first-line TMZ * | PR * | NA |
| [3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ + second course of TMZ * | PR * | NA |
| [3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ + second course of TMZ * | PD * | NA |
| [3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ + second course of TMZ * | NA | NA |
| [1,3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ as second-line therapy * | PR after 3 months * | NA |
| [1,3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ as second-line therapy * | SD * | NA |
| [1,3] | NA | NA | NA | TMZ * | BVZ as third-line therapy * | PD * | NA |
| [26] | Male, 50y | Functioning corticotroph adenoma transformed into silent corticotroph carcinoma | Yes | NS, RT, surgery for metastases, RT for metastases, TMZ | BVZ 10–15 mg/kg every 2 weeks (09/2010–11/2012) + TMZ 150–200 mg/m2 daily for 5 consecutive days monthly (09/2010–08/2011) | TV: SD for 8 years ** | NA |
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), reference (Ref.), years (y), neurosurgery (NS), radiotherapy (RT), temozolomide (TMZ), bevacizumab (BVZ), tumor volume (TV), stable disease (SD), not available (NA), somatostatin analogue (SSA), hormonal secretion (HS), partial response (PR), lanreotide (LAR), cabergoline (CAB), complete response (CR), progressive disease (PD); * No further information available, ** as assessed by the authors (the percentage by which the tumor increased or decreased not reported and/or hormone levels not reported).