Figure 3.

In Vitro Differentiation Potential of iPSCs Derived from RECs into the Three Germ Layers: Mesoderm, Endoderm, and Ectoderm

After 7 days of trilineage differentiation, cells with changed phenotypes (indicated with arrows) were observed. Flow cytometry analysis confirmed the differentiation of iPSCs (passages 3–7) into all three germ layers by detection of mesodermal (CD31 and SMA), definitive-endodermal (AFP and CXCR4), and neuroectodermal (PAX6 and TUBB3) cells. Compared to controls, differentiated cells showed significantly increased expression of mesodermal, endodermal, and ectodermal markers. Scale bars of phase contrast microscopic pictures represent 100 μm. Results are shown as mean + SD (n = 4). Statistical differences were determined using one-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s multiple comparison test (****p < 0.0001).