Table 5.

Effects of ALA on abnormalities in pregnancy.

Patients (n)	Design	Treatment	Key Effects	References
Threatened miscarriage and subchorionic hematoma Age range: 20–40 n = 16	Preliminary Clinical trial Randomized	600 mg/day ALA + 400 mg/day Progesterone or 400 mg/day Progesterone (control group), orally Duration: until complete resolution of the clinical picture	- Effective determination in major signs of threatened miscarriage in ALA-treated group - Significant improvements for hematoma resorption in ALA-treated group - No adverse effects on mother or fetus	[134]
Singleton pregnancy, at a gestational age ranging 24–30 weeks, hospitalized for a first preterm labor episode Age range: n.s. n = 32	Clinical trial Randomized Placebo-controlled Pilot study	400 mg/day ALA (active ingredient 10 mg) or placebo, vaginal tablets Duration: 30 days	- Significant increase in anti-inflammatory interleukins in the cervical vaginal liquids of undelivered women after a preterm labor episode	[135]
Threatened miscarriage Age range: 24–40 n = 62	Clinical trial Randomized Controlled	10 mg/day ALA (vaginal capsule) or 400 mg/day progesterone (vaginal soft gel) or placebo Duration: 60 days	- quick reabsorption of sub-chorionic hematoma in ALA-treated group - Smaller number of miscarriages in ALA-treated group	[136]