Figure 3.

Significantly altered metabolites in medial gastrocnemius muscle obtained from sepsis-challenged pigs compared with controls. A: Heat map of significantly altered metabolites using t-test results. B: Pathway enrichment analysis of significantly altered metabolites. Metabolic pathway analysis shows all metabolic pathways arranged according to the scores from enrichment analysis (y axis) and from topology analysis (x axis). C and D: Significantly increased (C) or decreased (D) metabolite peak signal in sepsis-challenged skeletal muscle (medial gastrocnemius) compared with vehicle-control skeletal muscle (medial gastrocnemius). n = 9 control gastrocnemius samples (C and D); n = 13 septic gastrocnemius samples (C and D). ^∗P < 0.05 versus control, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.26; ^†aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, P = 3.00 × 10⁻⁰⁶, FDR = 0.00024 (metabolites: phenylalanine, glycine, methionine, threonine, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid); ^‡β-alanine metabolism, P = 1.83 × 10⁻⁰⁵, FDR = 0.00073364 (metabolites: aspartic acid, pantothenic acid, carnosine, and anserine); ^§arginine and proline metabolism, P = 0.0010111, FDR = 0.00073364 (metabolites: glutamic acid, aspartic acid, urea, and hydroxyproline); ^¶glycine, serine, and threonine metabolism, P = 0.0028628, FDR = 0.00073364 (metabolites: aspartic acid, threonine, and glycine); ^††cyanoamino acid metabolism, P = 0.0041371, FDR = 0.047282 (metabolites: glycine and aspartic acid); ^‡‡pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, P = 0.011631, FDR = 0.011631 (metabolites: aspartic acid and pantothenic acid).