Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of study population according to metabolic syndrome status.

Variable	Normal N = 2,606,892 (33.3%)	Pre-MetS N = 3,972,572 (50.7%)	MetS N = 1,251,138 (15.9%)	p-Value
Age (years) at baseline				<0.001
30–39	796,857 (52.7)	624,638 (41.3)	91,002 (6.0)
40–49	769,361 (35.5)	1,090,078 (50.4)	304,487 (14.1)
50–59	705,192 (29.3)	1,285,531 (53.4)	418,382 (17.4)
60–69	335,482 (19.3)	970,325 (55.7)	437,267 (25.2)
Sex				<0.001
Male	1,139,011 (25.6)	2,415,161 (54.3)	892,010 (20.1)
Female	1,467,881 (43.4)	1,557,411 (46.0)	359,128 (10.6)
Smoking status				<0.001
Non-smoker	1,727,253 (39.1)	2,134,365 (48.3)	553,548 (12.5)
Ex-smoker	264,442 (24.7)	581,953 (54.2)	226,601 (21.1.)
Current smoker	597,385 (26.0)	1,233,704 (53.8)	463,565 (20.2.)
Alcohol consumption				<0.001
No drink	1,260,556 (36.0)	1,745,471 (49.8)	497,220 (14.2.)
2–3 per month	1,080,613 (33.9)	1,611,254 (50.5)	497,186 (15.6.)
1–4 per week	538,841 (34.1)	795,190 (50.2)	248,610 (15.7)
≥5 per week	45,971 (18.7)	135,990 (55.4)	63,366 (25.8)
Exercise
No exercise	1,216,659 (33.9)	1,803,595 (50.2)	569,220 (15.9)
1–4 per week	538,841 (34.1)	795,190 (50.2)	248,610 (15.7)
≥5 per week	828,890 (31.9)	1,342,260 (51.7)	423,684 (16.3)
Family history of HTN				<0.001
Yes	231,065 (28.0)	42,583 (51.5)	169,292 (20.5)
No	1,533,367 (34.1)	2,271,217 (50.5)	691,741 (15.4)
Family history of DM				<0.001
Yes	206,381 (29.1)	358,590 (50.5)	144,595 (20.4)
No	1,566,796 (33.8)	2,353,078 (50.7)	720,945 (15.5)
Family history of stroke				<0.001
Yes	115,766 (27.4)	224,443 (53.1)	82,800 (19.6)
No	1,656,733 (33.6)	2,486,810 (50.5)	792,319 (15.9)
Family history of coronary heart disease				<0.001
Yes	80,356 (31.4)	131,259 (51.3)	44,348 (17.3)
No	1,691,243 (33.2)	2,577,805 (50.7)	819,893 (16.1)

Data are reported as number (%). DM, diabetes mellitus; HTN, hypertension; MetS, metabolic syndrome.