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. 2019 Aug 6;9(8):348. doi: 10.3390/biom9080348

Figure 4.

Figure 4

High glucose-derived microparticles (MPs; 10 µg/mL) induce phosphorylation of eIF2α in naïve renal proximal tubular cells. (A) Representative Western blots of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress markers - GRP78, P-eIF2α, XBP-1, and CHOP; and (B–D) densitometry analyses of P-eIF2α, GRP78, and XBP1 levels normalized to β-actin. Values were expressed as mean ± SEM; n = 3; * p < 0.05 versus no MPs (control); # p < 0.05 versus control MPs; GRP78: Glucose-regulated protein 78; P-eIF2α: Phosphorylated-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α; XBP-1: X-box binding protein 1; CHOP: CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein homologous protein; iHG: Intermittent high glucose; cHG: Continuous high glucose.