Table 4.
Multivariate logistic regression analyses for the association of hypertension with frequency and duration of secondhand smoke exposure in never-smokers.
| Cases of Hypertension a | Odds Ratios (95% Confidence Interval) | |
|---|---|---|
| Daily time of SHS exposure | ||
| None | 4222/83,103 (5.1) | 1 |
| <1 h b | 582/9211 (6.3) | 1.32 (1.19, 1.46) |
| ≥1 h b | 324/4302 (7.5) | 1.19 (1.04, 1.36) |
| Daily time of SHS exposure (per 1 h increase) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | |
| Frequency of SHS exposure | ||
| None | 4213/83,032 (5.1) | 1 |
| <3 times/week b | 944/14,891 (6.3) | 1.17 (1.08, 1.27) |
| ≥3 times/week b | 563/7814 (7.2) | 1.13 (1.02, 1.25) |
| Frequency of SHS exposure c (per 1 unit increase) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | |
| Duration of SHS exposure | ||
| None | 4190/82,786 (5.1) | 1 |
| <10 years b | 365/6409 (5.7) | 1.16 (1.02, 1.31) |
| ≥10 years b | 688/9339 (7.4) | 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) |
| Duration of SHS exposure (per 1 year increase) | 1.00 (1.00, 1.01) d |
a Values are expressed as n/N (%), where n is number of cases with a given variable and N is total number considered for that variable. b Reference group is group without SHS exposure. c Frequency of SHS exposure is the ordinal variable according to 3-1 questionnaire in Figure 1. d p = 0.024. The model was adjusted for age, sex, waist circumference, body mass index, frequency of alcohol drinking, frequency of vigorous exercise, glucose, creatinine, uric acid, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. SHS, secondhand smoke.