Table 4.
Clinical and laboratory data of the 26 patients with CNS inflammation of unknown origin.
| All (N = 26) | Encephalitis and Meningo-encephalitis (n = 9) | Meningitis (n = 12) | Myelitis and Meningo-myelitis (n = 5) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical features, n (%) | ||||
| Headache | 19 (73.1) | 5 (55.6) | 11 (91.7) | 3 (60.0) |
| Neck stiffness | 3 (11.5) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (8.3) | 0 |
| Fever (≥38,2 °C) *1 | 13 (50.0) | 3 (33.3) | 7 (58.3) | 3 (60.0) |
| Nausea/vomiting | 2(7.7) | 0 | 2 (16.7) | 0 |
| Photophobia | 8 (30.8) | 2 (22.2) | 5 (41.6) | 1 (20.0) |
| Phonophobia | 4 (15.4) | 0 | 3 (25.0) | 1 (20.0) |
| Altered mental status *2 | 8 (30.8) | 8 (88.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Seizure | 2 (7.7) | 2 (22.2) | 0 | 0 |
| Suggestive abnormality on neuroimaging | 13 (50.0) | 5 (55.5) | 4 (33.3) | 4 (80.0) |
| Suggestive abnormality on EEG *3 | 8 (30.8) | 7 (77.8) | 1 (8.3) | 0 |
| Sensory or motor focal neurologic deficit | 9 (34.6) | 0 | 4 (33.3) | 5 (100.0) |
| Requiring intensive care | 4 (15.4) | 2 (22.2) | 0 | 2 (40.0) |
| Requiring immunosuppressive therapy | 6 (23.1) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (8.3) | 4 (80.0) |
| Clinical outcome *4 | ||||
| Complete resolution of signs and symptoms | 16 (61.5) | 3 (33.3) | 11 (91.6) | 2 (40.0) |
| Death | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Laboratory features | ||||
| Cerebrospinal fluid | ||||
| WBC *5 count ≥ 5 M/L (%) | 26 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 12 (100.0) | 5 (100) |
| Median WBC count, M/L (range) | 76 (6–3706) | 53 (18–72) | 75(6–3706) | 161 (50–275) |
| Median glycorachia, mmol/L (range) (2.8–4.0 mmol/L) | 3.1 (2.5–5.4) | 3.2 (2.7–5.4) | 3.2 (2.7–4.5) | 2.8 (2.5–4.4) |
| Median proteinorachia (g/L) (range) (0.15–0.45 g/L) | 0.61 (0.24–2.32) | 0.7 (0.37–2.32) | 0.61 (0.24–2.27) | 0.53 (0.40–1.58) |
| Proteinorachia > 0.45 (%) | 21 (80.8) | 8 (88.9) | 9 (75.0) | 3 (60.0) |
| Proteinorachia < 0.15 (%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Blood | ||||
| Median C-reactive protein mg/L, (range) (0–10 mg/L) *6 | 4.3 (0.0–266.1) | 1.7 (0.0–80.8) | 4.8 (1.6–266.1) | 18.1 (7.7–33.7) |
| Median Leucocytes G/L, (range) (4–11 G/L) *6 | 10.0 (3.9–25.1) | 7.4 (3.9–13.9) | 10.9 (4.9–25.1) | 14.4 (6.9–15.1) |
*1 Documented fever within 72 h before or after presentation to medical attention, *2 cf. Table 3, *3 electroencephalogram, *4 within the three months after the first day of hospitalization, *5 white blood cells, *6 Laboratory reference ranges.