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. 2019 Aug 7;10(8):594. doi: 10.3390/genes10080594

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Proposed Amaryllidaceae alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. Abbreviations of enzymes for which corresponding genes have been isolated from Amaryllidaceae plants are written in bold-black font, whereas those isolated from other plants are written in bold-grey font. Reactions in the grey-shaded area represent an alternative route for caffeic acid synthesis. Broken arrows represent more than one biochemical reaction. Abbreviations: PAL, phenylalanine ammonia lyase; C4H, cinnamate 4-hydroxylase (CYP73A1); 4CL, 4-coumarate CoA ligase; HCT, hydroxycinnamoyl transferase; C3H, coumarate 3-hydroxylase (CYP98A3); TYDC, tyrosine decarboxylase; NBS, norbelladine synthase; N4OMT, norbelladine 4′-O-methyltransferase; CYP96T1, cytochrome P450 monooxygenase 96T1; NorRed, noroxomaritidine reductase and Sh/Q, shikimate/quinate.