Table 1.
Characteristics of study participants with high or low hard CHD risk.
| Low Hard CHD Risk (n = 17) c | High Hard CHD Risk (n = 16) c | p-Value d | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 44.9 ± 6.8 | 49.3 ± 7.4 | 0.46 |
| Gender (men: women) | 4:13 | 9:7 | 0.06 |
| Diabetes mellitus drug treatment | 2/17 | 2/16 | 0.94 |
| Hypertension drug treatment | 6/17 | 10/16 | 0.12 |
| Metabolic syndrome | 7/17 | 13/16 | 0.02 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 97.1 ± 21.9 | 110.8 ± 11.8 | 0.17 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 30.2 ± 8.4 | 35.1 ± 5.5 | 0.27 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 115.1 ± 21.9 | 138 ± 11.6 | 0.01 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg) | 74.5 ± 13.4 | 81.6 ± 11.5 | 0.03 |
| Pulse pressure (mmHg) a | 40.6 ± 11.8 | 56.4 ± 11.8 | 0.03 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 88 ± 15.8 | 100.4 ± 10.1 | 0.01 |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 94.9 ± 18.4 | 119.4 ± 40.1 | 0.05 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 157.9 ± 29.3 | 224.1 ± 27.9 | <0.001 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 96.4 ± 52 | 167.3 ± 64.4 | 0.02 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 48.1 ± 12.2 | 47.5 ± 10.5 | 0.75 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 90.6 ± 25.7 | 143.1 ± 27.6 | <0.001 |
| VLDL (mg/dL) | 19.3 ± 10.4 | 33.5 ± 12.9 | 0.02 |
| LDL/HDL ratio | 2 ± 0.6 | 3.1 ± 0.9 | 0.003 |
| L5 (mg/dL) | 9.2 ± 10.5 | 27.9 ± 21.8 | 0.01 |
| V5 (mg/dL) | 7.7 ± 6.2 | 11.5 ± 8.3 | 0.46 |
| L5 and V5 (mg/dL) | 16.9 ± 14.8 | 39.4 ± 22 | 0.01 |
| Hard CHD risk (%) b | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 15.3 ± 9.2 | <0.001 |
| Average hard CHD risk at the age (%) b | 3.4 ± 2.4 | 6.5 ± 3.5 | 0.07 |
| Adjusted hard CHD risk b | 0.7 ± 0.3 | 2.4 ± 0.8 | <0.001 |
HDL: high-density lipoprotein; LDL: low-density lipoprotein; VLDL: very low-density lipoprotein; hard CHD: hard coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, coronary death, or stroke). a Pulse pressure is equal to systolic blood pressure minus diastolic blood pressure. b Hard CHD risk is the 10-year risk of myocardial infarction, coronary death, or stroke according to the Framingham risk score. Average hard CHD risk at the age is the average hard CHD risk at the same age derived from the Framingham Heart Study of a predominantly Caucasian population in Massachusetts, USA. Adjusted hard CHD risk means hard CHD risk/average hard CHD risk at the age. c Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation or as a ratio. d The p-value was calculated by using the Mann-Whitney U test, excluding gender, hypertension drug treatment, and metabolic syndrome variables, which were subjected to the Chi-square test, and the diabetes mellitus drug treatment variable, which was subjected to the Fisher exact test.