Table 3.

Age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted associations between dietary acid load (PRAL and Net Endogenous Acid Production (NEAP)) and biomarkers (C-reactive protein (CRP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c)).

		PRAL
		Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4
	Median	−21.046	−8.28	0.09	11.02
			Beta (p-value)	Beta (p-value)	Beta (p-value)	P for trend
CRP	Age-adjusted	Ref	0.18 (<0.0001)	0.54 (<0.0001)	0.84 (<0.0001)	<0.0001
	Multivariable-adjusted	Ref	0.09 (0.001)	0.22 (0.0001)	0.33 (<0.0001)	<0.0001
HbA1c	Age-adjusted	Ref	0.05 (0.002)	0.14 (<0.0001)	0.21 (<0.0001)	<0.0001
	Multivariable-adjusted	Ref	0.04 (0.03)	0.07 (0.04)	0.09 (0.01)	0.01
		NEAP
		Quartile 1	Quartile 2	Quartile 3	Quartile 4
	Median	23.01	33.13	41.74	54.82
			Beta (p-value)	Beta (p-value)	Beta (p-value)	P for trend
CRP	Age-adjusted	Ref	0.16 (<0.0001)	0.56 (<0.0001)	0.83 (<0.0001)	<0.0001
	Multivariable-adjusted	Ref	0.08 (0.0072)	0.23 (<0.0001)	0.31 (<0.001)	<0.0001
HbA1c	Age-adjusted	Ref	0.041 (0.01)	0.14 (<0.0001)	0.19 (<0.0001)	<0.0001
	Multivariable-adjusted	Ref	0.03 (0.13)	0.06 (0.07)	0.06 (0.08)	0.10

Multivariable models were adjusted for ethnicity, age at diagnosis, physical activity, body mass index, smoking status, total energy intakes, menopausal status, and cancer characteristics—namely, tumor stage, tumor size, hormonal status, radiation, and chemotherapy. PRAL denotes potential renal acid load; NEAP denotes net endogenous acid production; CRP denotes C-reactive protein; HbA1c denotes hemoglobin A1c.