Table 2.

Selected studies for systematic review: coeliac disease screening tests and diagnosis, and characteristics of the control group.

First Author	CD Screening Tests	CD Diagnostic Criteria	Control Group
Wilson [17]	Anti-reticulin antibodies and biopsy	Biopsy when positive ant-reticulin antibodies and response to the GFD	No controls
Collin [9]	IgA anti-gliadin or IgA anti-reticulin antibodies and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-gliadin or anti-reticulin antibodies	Women with normal obstetric history who had undergone laparoscopic sterilization
Kolho [18]	IgA EMA	Positive EMA	Women personnel without infertility problems (mean number of children 1.5)
Meloni [19]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA EMA, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive 2 out of the 3 antibodies	Healthy school children from the same geographical area
Vancikova [10]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA and total IgA	EMA when positive anti-gliadin or anti-TG2	Healthy blood donors
Fasano [12]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA EMA, total IgA, HLA-DQ and biopsy	Positive EMA with biopsy or with compatible HLA	Female not-at-risk subjects
Shamaly [20]	IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2 or EMA or when IgAD is present	Healthy Arab women
Tiboni [14]	IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2 or EMA	Healthy women not reporting reproductive problems with at least one child delivered
Bustos [21]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA anti-TG2 and total IgA	Positive 2 out of the 3 antibodies	Argentine Caucasian women of the blood bank with at least two children and without pregnancy losses
Jackson [22]	IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA and biopsy	Positive anti-TG2 and EMA	Prevalence in general population of US (0.8%)
Kumar [11]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA anti-TG2 and IgA EMA	Positive anti-TG2	Women with normal obstetric history
Hogen Esch [23]	IgA anti-TG2 and IgA EMA	Positive anti-TG2 and EMA	Prevalence in general adult female population of The Netherlands
Choi [13]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2 or EMA	CD expected in women of similar age in the same geographical area (1.3%)
Khoshbaten [24]	IgA/G anti-TG2, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2	Healthy couples lacking reproductive problems with at least one child delivered
Sharshiner [25]	IgA/G anti-TG2 and IgA/G EMA	Positive anti-TG2 or EMA	Healthy women with a history of ≥2 uncomplicated term live births, no more than one pregnancy loss prior week 20, and no major medical or obstetric problems or clinical features of CD
Machado [26]	IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA, total IgA, HLA-DQ and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2 or EMA	Prevalence in blood donors in Brazilian regions (0.2–0.5%)
Karaca [27]	IgA/G anti-gliadin, IgA/G anti-TG2, IgA/G EMA, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-gliadin, anti-TG2 or EMA	No controls
Sarikaya [28]	IgA/G anti-TG2	Positive anti-TG2	Healthy fertile females with no history of RPL with at least two child delivered
Sabzebari [29]	IgA/G anti-TG2, total IgA and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2	No controls
Gunn [30]	IgA anti-TG2 and total IgA	Positive anti-TG2	No controls
Juneau [31]	IgA anti-TG2 and IgA EMA	Positive anti-TG2 or EMA	No controls
Grode [32]	IgA anti-TG2, total IgA (IgG anti-PDG when IgA deficiency) and biopsy	Biopsy when positive anti-TG2 or anti-PDG	Prevalence of Danish general population (0.48%)
Kutteh [33]	IgA anti-TG2, IgA EMA and IgA anti-PDG	Positive anti-TG2, EMA or anti-PDG	Healthy non-pregnant women with at least one live birth and no miscarriages

TG2: type 2 transglutaminase; EMA: antiendomisium antibodies.