Table 1.
Subject Characteristics of Cohorts in Energy Requirement Studies of Pregnancy.
| First Author | Measurement Time Points | Cohort Size | Ethnicity | Age | BMI | Excess GWG |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Weeks Gestation | N | White, AA, Other |
||||
| Butte, UW [10] | 0, 22, 36 | 17 | 15, 0, 2 | 31 ± 4 | 18.9 ± 0.8 | 18% |
| Butte, NW [10] | 0, 22, 36 | 34 | 24, 4, 5 | 30 ± 3 | 22.1 ± 1.5 | 35% |
| Butte, OV/OB [10] | 0, 22, 36 | 12 | 9, 2, 1 | 31 ± 5 | 28.8 ± 2.6 | 100% |
| Forsum1 [11] | 0, 17, 30 | 22 | 29 ± 4 | 22.3 ± 3.1 | ||
| Forsum2 [11] | 0, 36 | 19 | 28 ± 4 | 22.1 ± 3.4 | ||
| Goldberg [12] | 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36 | 12 | 12, 0, 0 | 29 ± 3 | 23.0 ± 3.3 | |
| Kopp [13] | 0, 9, 25, 35 | 10 | 29 ± 5 | 23.1 ± 2.1 | 10% | |
| Lof [14] | 0, 14, 34 | 23 | 30 ± 4 | 24.2 ± 4.8 | ||
| Most [15] | 15, 36 | 54 | 28, 22, 4 | 28 ± 5 | 35.8 ± 5.0 | 67% |
Age and BMI (body mass index) are presented as mean ± SD at enrollment. AA: African-American, Others: Hispanic, Asian, Biracial, ‘Other’, Excess GWG: gestational weight gain exceeding the guidelines at the time (1990), UW: underweight, NW: normal weight, OV: overweight, OB: obesity, Forsum1 and Forsum2 indicate the two different cohorts in the study: both measured before pregnancy, but at different times during gestation; Butte reported data per BMI class: ‘UW’ indicates underweight: BMI ≤ 19.8 kg/m2, ‘NW’ indicates normal weight: BMI 19.8–26 kg/m2, and ‘OV/OB’ indicates overweight/obesity: BMI ≥ 26 kg/m2.