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. 2019 Aug 19;8(8):1256. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081256

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Treatment with systemic sclerosis (SSc) serum induces changes in gene expression levels of adipocytic and mesenchymal/myofibroblast markers in normal human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC). ADSC were treated for 72 h with recombinant human transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1; 10 ng/mL), 10% serum from healthy individuals (n = 6) or 10% serum from patients with early diffuse cutaneous SSc (n = 6) and subsequently assayed for mRNA expression levels of PLIN1 (perilipin), ADIPOQ (adiponectin), ACTA2 (α-smooth muscle actin), S100A4 (fibroblast-specific protein-1), COL1A1 and COL1A2 (α1 and α2 chains of type I collagen, respectively) by quantitative Real-Time PCR. 18S ribosomal RNA was measured as an endogenous control for normalization. For each gene, the mRNA expression in basal cells was set to 1; the other results are expressed as x-fold increase/decrease over basal response. Bars represent the mean ± SEM. Results are representative of three independent experiments performed with three ADSC lines. Statistical analysis was carried out with Student’s t-test. * p < 0.001 vs. basal and healthy serum.