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. 2019 Jul 24;8(8):1091. doi: 10.3390/jcm8081091

Table 2.

Medians (interquartile range) at baseline divided by OGTT cluster. p-val is for p-value from non-parametric median tests testing whether medians significantly differed. NA, not applicable; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; AUC, area under the curve; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; Bold indicates significant p-values (p < 0.05).

Variable Name Cluster 1 Cluster 2 Cluster 3 Cluster 4 p-Value
Cohort size, n (%) 6 (4) 37 (27) 31 (22) 64 (46) NA
Age, years 45 (39–47) 38 (31–48) 52 (43–54) 46 (39–57) 0.26
Male sex, n (%) 4 (66) 14 (38) 14 (45) 31 (48) NA
Smoking, n (%) 0 (0) 4 (11) 7 (23) 9 (14) NA
Total body mass, kg 146.2 (130.8–169.03) 128.6 ( 116.33–149.18) 133.1 (119.42–151.42) 138.4 (117.6–148.9) 0.39
Fat mass, kg 65.06 (64.55–76.23) 65.96 (54.75–75.79) 62.89 (53.38–70.98) 63.31 (53.8–70.45) 0.31
Lean body mass, kg 81.81 (64.73–88.95) 62.49 (53.05–67.9) 63.56 (55.37–76.76) 68.22 (57.15–76.64) 0.03
Visceral adipose tissue mass, kg 3.71 (2.5–4.98) 2.39 (1.98–3.55) 3.63 (2.41–4.29) 3.75 (2.8–4.99) 0.14
BMI, kg/m2 46.83 (45.45–51.58) 44.43 (40.65–49.69) 45.54 (41.82–50.39) 45.12 (42.37–49.44) 0.26
Fasting glucose, mmol/L 5.52 (5.31–6.10) 5.88 (5.66–6.04) 6.32 (5.93–6.90) 6.90 (6.36–7.99) <0.001
Fasting insulin, pmol/L 244.45 (172.63–306.44) 138.04 (109.70–186.04) 210.72 (171.69–322.80) 247.89 (174.42–354.37) 0.002
HbA1c, % 5.20 (5.03–5.30) 5.50 (5.30–5.70) 5.90 (5.60-6.05) 6.15 (5.82–6.68) <0.001
HbA1c, mmol/mol 33 (31–34) 37 (34–39) 41 (38–43) 44 (40–49) <0.001
HOMA-beta 301.90 (187.09–562.72) 176.45 (122.13–269.72) 201.08 (142.22–309.90) 182.24 (125.88–292.69) 0.65
HOMA-IR 8.29 (6.76–10.30) 5.20 (3.73–6.76) 9.63 (6.06–12.76) 11.09 (7.61–16.17) <0.001
Matsuda index 1.43 (1.22–1.78) 2.13 (1.64–2.48) 1.18 (0.9–1.58) 0.95 (0.72–1.48) <0.001
Glucose AUC 231.12 (224.25–236.31) 291.50 (276.75–298.00) 338.00 (312.75–381.62) 418.75 (363.69–470.00) <0.001
Insulin AUC 219.81 (209.13–277.50) 207.73 (159.35–271.18) 294.48 (180.43–392.15) 269.30 (183.53–364.25) 0.03
Mean insulin concentration during OGTT, pmol/L 711.18 (692.38–920.26) 614.89 (479.00–801.80) 883.67 (563.16–1145.77) 844.49 (588.70–1142.40) 0.01
Mean glucose concentration during OGTT, mmol/L 6.27 (6.11–6.54) 7.63 (7.27–7.92) 8.76 (8.11–9.83) 10.81 (9.44–12.11) <0.001
Total cholesterol, mmol/L 4.18 (4.12–5.01) 5.10 (4.19–5.77) 5.20 (4.46–6.28) 4.79 (4.13–5.60) 0.37
Triglycerides, mmol/L 1.08 (0.83–1.37) 1.35 (0.98–1.78) 1.68 (1.27–2.00) 1.61 (1.2–2.54) 0.02
HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L 1.08 (0.95–1.2) 1.24 (1.01–1.45) 1.1 (0.91–1.45) 1.08 (0.95–1.37) 0.57
LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L 2.75 (2.64–2.95) 3.15 (2.69–3.87) 3.42 (2.73–4.00) 3.10 (2.38–3.63) 0.31
Aspartate transaminase, ukat/L 0.43 (0.34–0.45) 0.38 (0.29–0.45) 0.34 (0.29–0.42) 0.42 (0.32–0.56) 0.04
Alanine transaminase, ukat/L 0.54 (0.39–0.69) 0.47 (0.35–0.78) 0.47 (0.36–0.61) 0.56 (0.40–0.93) 0.56
C Reactive Protein, nmol/L 30.19 (15.04–32.47) 49.90 (30.19–75.99) 44.28 (26.76–81.61) 59.8 (33.23–107.23) 0.26
Physical activity, METs-minutes/week 3586 (3067–8899) 5937 (2046–12546) 5364 (2820–8773) 4513 (2355–13598) 0.71
Daily kcal intake, kcal/day 1309 (1079–1469) 1788 (1431–2209) 1578 (1284–2284) 1724 (1347–2334) 0.14