Table 2.
Medians (interquartile range) at baseline divided by OGTT cluster. p-val is for p-value from non-parametric median tests testing whether medians significantly differed. NA, not applicable; HOMA, homeostasis model assessment; AUC, area under the curve; MET, metabolic equivalent of task; Bold indicates significant p-values (p < 0.05).
| Variable Name | Cluster 1 | Cluster 2 | Cluster 3 | Cluster 4 | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cohort size, n (%) | 6 (4) | 37 (27) | 31 (22) | 64 (46) | NA |
| Age, years | 45 (39–47) | 38 (31–48) | 52 (43–54) | 46 (39–57) | 0.26 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 4 (66) | 14 (38) | 14 (45) | 31 (48) | NA |
| Smoking, n (%) | 0 (0) | 4 (11) | 7 (23) | 9 (14) | NA |
| Total body mass, kg | 146.2 (130.8–169.03) | 128.6 ( 116.33–149.18) | 133.1 (119.42–151.42) | 138.4 (117.6–148.9) | 0.39 |
| Fat mass, kg | 65.06 (64.55–76.23) | 65.96 (54.75–75.79) | 62.89 (53.38–70.98) | 63.31 (53.8–70.45) | 0.31 |
| Lean body mass, kg | 81.81 (64.73–88.95) | 62.49 (53.05–67.9) | 63.56 (55.37–76.76) | 68.22 (57.15–76.64) | 0.03 |
| Visceral adipose tissue mass, kg | 3.71 (2.5–4.98) | 2.39 (1.98–3.55) | 3.63 (2.41–4.29) | 3.75 (2.8–4.99) | 0.14 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 46.83 (45.45–51.58) | 44.43 (40.65–49.69) | 45.54 (41.82–50.39) | 45.12 (42.37–49.44) | 0.26 |
| Fasting glucose, mmol/L | 5.52 (5.31–6.10) | 5.88 (5.66–6.04) | 6.32 (5.93–6.90) | 6.90 (6.36–7.99) | <0.001 |
| Fasting insulin, pmol/L | 244.45 (172.63–306.44) | 138.04 (109.70–186.04) | 210.72 (171.69–322.80) | 247.89 (174.42–354.37) | 0.002 |
| HbA1c, % | 5.20 (5.03–5.30) | 5.50 (5.30–5.70) | 5.90 (5.60-6.05) | 6.15 (5.82–6.68) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c, mmol/mol | 33 (31–34) | 37 (34–39) | 41 (38–43) | 44 (40–49) | <0.001 |
| HOMA-beta | 301.90 (187.09–562.72) | 176.45 (122.13–269.72) | 201.08 (142.22–309.90) | 182.24 (125.88–292.69) | 0.65 |
| HOMA-IR | 8.29 (6.76–10.30) | 5.20 (3.73–6.76) | 9.63 (6.06–12.76) | 11.09 (7.61–16.17) | <0.001 |
| Matsuda index | 1.43 (1.22–1.78) | 2.13 (1.64–2.48) | 1.18 (0.9–1.58) | 0.95 (0.72–1.48) | <0.001 |
| Glucose AUC | 231.12 (224.25–236.31) | 291.50 (276.75–298.00) | 338.00 (312.75–381.62) | 418.75 (363.69–470.00) | <0.001 |
| Insulin AUC | 219.81 (209.13–277.50) | 207.73 (159.35–271.18) | 294.48 (180.43–392.15) | 269.30 (183.53–364.25) | 0.03 |
| Mean insulin concentration during OGTT, pmol/L | 711.18 (692.38–920.26) | 614.89 (479.00–801.80) | 883.67 (563.16–1145.77) | 844.49 (588.70–1142.40) | 0.01 |
| Mean glucose concentration during OGTT, mmol/L | 6.27 (6.11–6.54) | 7.63 (7.27–7.92) | 8.76 (8.11–9.83) | 10.81 (9.44–12.11) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.18 (4.12–5.01) | 5.10 (4.19–5.77) | 5.20 (4.46–6.28) | 4.79 (4.13–5.60) | 0.37 |
| Triglycerides, mmol/L | 1.08 (0.83–1.37) | 1.35 (0.98–1.78) | 1.68 (1.27–2.00) | 1.61 (1.2–2.54) | 0.02 |
| HDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 1.08 (0.95–1.2) | 1.24 (1.01–1.45) | 1.1 (0.91–1.45) | 1.08 (0.95–1.37) | 0.57 |
| LDL-cholesterol, mmol/L | 2.75 (2.64–2.95) | 3.15 (2.69–3.87) | 3.42 (2.73–4.00) | 3.10 (2.38–3.63) | 0.31 |
| Aspartate transaminase, ukat/L | 0.43 (0.34–0.45) | 0.38 (0.29–0.45) | 0.34 (0.29–0.42) | 0.42 (0.32–0.56) | 0.04 |
| Alanine transaminase, ukat/L | 0.54 (0.39–0.69) | 0.47 (0.35–0.78) | 0.47 (0.36–0.61) | 0.56 (0.40–0.93) | 0.56 |
| C Reactive Protein, nmol/L | 30.19 (15.04–32.47) | 49.90 (30.19–75.99) | 44.28 (26.76–81.61) | 59.8 (33.23–107.23) | 0.26 |
| Physical activity, METs-minutes/week | 3586 (3067–8899) | 5937 (2046–12546) | 5364 (2820–8773) | 4513 (2355–13598) | 0.71 |
| Daily kcal intake, kcal/day | 1309 (1079–1469) | 1788 (1431–2209) | 1578 (1284–2284) | 1724 (1347–2334) | 0.14 |