Figure 9.

PtNPs and DOX increase the NO and protein carbonyl content of U2OS cells. U2OS cells were treated with PtNPs (10 μg/mL), DOX (1 μg/mL), CIS (5 μg/mL), or a combination of PtNPs (10 μg/mL) and DOX (1 μg/mL) or combination of DOX (1 μg/mL) and CIS (5 μg/mL) for 24 h. (A) NO production was quantified spectrophotometrically using Griess reagent and expressed as micromoles. (B) Protein carbonyl content was measured and expressed as nanomoles. Differences between the treated and control groups were measured using Student’s t-test and statistically significant differences are indicated by * (p < 0.05). The results are presented as mean ± standard deviation of three experiments. * p < 0.05 was considered significant; ** p < 0.01 was considered highly significant and *** p < 0.001 was considered very highly significant.