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. 2019 Aug 3;9(8):340. doi: 10.3390/biom9080340

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© 2019 by the author.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Putative mechanisms of action of the proposed adjuvants. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) allow innate immunity cells to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) of microbes or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which are released from injured or dying cells. The PRRs includes Toll-like receptors (TLRs), Nod-like receptors (NLRs), and и C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), which are considered receptors of adjuvants. NLRP3—NLR pyrin domain-containing protein 3.