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. 2019 Jul 31;7(8):231. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms7080231

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Relative gene expression of AMP-activated protein kinase alpha 1 (AMPK-α1), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) in the jejunum of broiler chickens on d 8. Birds reared under a naturally occurring necrotic enteritis challenge model. Treatments include negative control (NC): birds received a corn-soybean meal basal diet; positive control (PC): NC + virginiamycin (Stafac®20) at the level of 0.45 kg/ton from d 0–42; Probiotic: NC + PrimaLac at the level of 1.36 kg/ton in starter and grower 1 diets; 0.91 kg/ton in grower 2 and finisher diets. Values are represented as a n-fold difference relative to the calibrator (negative control, NC). Results are given as means (n = 12) for each treatment. Error bars indicate standard errors. For each gene, bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05).