α-LA	Alpha-lipoic acid
AD	Alzheimer’s Disease
APC	Antigen-presenting cells
CAT	Catalase
CDAA	choline-deficient L-amino acid-defined diet
CDNB	1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene
CKD	Chronic kidney disease
CMD	Choline-methionine-deficient
DEN	Diethylnitrosamine
DNDGIC	dinitrosyl-diglutathionyl iron complex
e-GFR	Estimated-GFR
EGF-R	Epidermal growth factor-R
e-GST	Erythrocyte glutathione transferases
ELISA	Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
ESRD	End-stage-renal disease
GFR	Glomerular filtration rate
GR	Glutathione reductase
GSH	Glutathione
GSTP	Glutathione transferase class P
GSTs	Glutathione transferases
Hb	Hemoglobin
HCC	Hepatocellular carcinoma
Hcy	Homocysteine
HD	Hemodialysis
HDF	HemoDiaFiltration
MHD	Maintenance Hemodialysis
NBDHEX	6-(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxidiazol-4-ylthio) hexanol
NFK K-DOQI	National Kidney Foundation Kidney- Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative
NO	Nitric oxide
NOS	Nitric oxide synthase
Nrf	Nuclear respiratory factor
OS	Oxidative stress
PD	Parkinson’s disease
PDB	Protein data bank
RBC	Red blood cell
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SOCS-1	Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SSc	Scleroderma or Systemic sclerosis
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor-α
TRAF2	TNF-receptor factor 2
TSGs	Tumor suppressor genes