Table 1.
The characteristics of the participants.
| Women | Men | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LO-V (n = 38) | Vegans (n = 43) | All (n = 81) | LO-V (n = 11) | Vegans (n = 12) | All (n = 23) | PG * | PD * | |
| Age (year) | 30.6 (8.1) | 28.7 (6.9) | 29.6 (7.5) | 33.5 (9.0) | 32.3 (7.3) | 32.8 (8.0) | 0.081 | 0.521 |
| Iron supplementation | 0.175 | 0.961 | ||||||
| Never | 30 (78.9) | 35 (81.4) | 65 (80.2) | 11 (100.0) | 11 (91.7) | 22 (95.7) | ||
| 1–12 times/year | 5 (13.2) | 6 (14.0) | 11 (13.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 2–5 times/month | 1 (2.6) | 2 (4.7) | 3 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| 1–6 times/week | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Daily | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (8.3) | 1 (4.3) | ||
| Physical activity level | 0.767 | 0.913 | ||||||
| Low | 2 (5.3) | 4 (9.3) | 6 (7.4) | 2 (18.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | ||
| Moderate | 17 (44.7) | 20 (46.5) | 37 (45.7) | 3 (27.3) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (34.8) | ||
| High | 19 (50.0) | 19 (44.2) | 38 (46.9) | 6 (54.5) | 7 (58.3) | 13 (56.5) | ||
| WHR | 0.80 (0.0) | 0.80 (0.1) | 0.80 (0.1) | 0.92 (0.1) | 0.89 (0.1) | 0.90 (0.1) | <0.001 | 0.684 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.8 (3.8) | 21.7 (2.5) | 22.2 (3.2) | 25.0 (5.0) | 23.0 (2.5) | 24.0 (3.9) | 0.030 | 0.125 |
| Body fat (%) | 26.1 (6.8) | 25.1 (6.1) | 25.6 (6.4) | 16.1 (7.8) | 13.7 (5.0) | 14.8 (6.5) | <0.001 | 0.342 |
| Body muscle (kg) | 41.5 (3.5) | 40.7 (2.9) | 41.1 (3.2) | 60.4 (8.0) | 58.7 (6.7) | 59.5 (7.2) | <0.001 | 0.450 |
| Bone mass (kg) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 2.2 (0.2) | 3.2 (0.4) | 3.1 (0.3) | 3.1 (0.3) | <0.001 | 0.348 |
| Body water (%) | 54.4 (4.7) | 55.2 (4.5) | 54.9 (4.6) | 60.9 (7.0) | 61.8 (3.9) | 61.4 (5.5) | <0.001 | 0.311 |
| Abdominal fat (%) | 21.7 (8.3) | 20.4 (7.6) | 21.0 (7.9) | 17.1 (9.5) | 13.9 (6.5) | 15.5 (8.0) | 0.006 | 0.217 |
| Abdominal muscle (kg) | 24.3 (3.1) | 23.4 (1.7) | 23.8 (2.5) | 32.5 (4.5) | 32.1 (4.0) | 32.3 (4.1) | <0.001 | 0.386 |
The results expressed as the mean (SD) for continuous variables and n (%) for categorical variables. D, diet type; G, gender; LO-V, lacto-ovo vegetarians; * GLM or Pearson’s χ2 test. Significant differences are in bold.