Figure 5.

The role of JNK activation in hispidin-induced Nrf2 signaling on ARPE-19 cells. (A) Cells were pre-treated with 20 μM hispidin, 20 μM SP600125, or both for 24 h and then treated with 300 μM H₂O₂ for 6 h. The ROS generation was measured by dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFDA) assay. The green fluorescence represents the cells stained for ROS (magnification 200×). (B) Cells were pre-treated with 20 μM hispidin or 20 μM SP600125 for 24 h followed by 300 μM H₂O₂ treatment for 24 h. The expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQO-1 were evaluated by Western blot. (C) Quantitative analysis was performed by measuring the intensity relative to the control. ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, ns: not significant.