Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of registered patients.
| Variable n (%) | All Patients (n = 328) | No. OAC (n = 116) | OAC (n = 212) | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical parameters | ||||
| Age, years (IQR) | 71 (67–77) | 71 (65–76) | 73 (68–77) | 0.026 |
| Female gender, n (%) | 233 (71) | 92 (75) | 141 (69) | 0.179 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 (IQR) | 31 (26–34) | 29 (25–35) | 30 (27–34) | 0.470 |
| 6-min walk distance, m (IQR) | 329 (229–413) | 340 (240–434) | 326 (227–390) | 0.110 |
| Systolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 141 (125–155) | 142 (130–160) | 140 (124–150) | 0.005 |
| Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 80 (70–89) | 80 (70–90) | 80 (70–86) | 0.289 |
| NYHA functional class ≥ III, n (%) | 183 (55.8) | 59 (49.6) | 124 (62.3) | 0.030 |
| NT-proBNP, pg/mL (IQR) | 1083 (422–2002) | 548 (303–1069) | 1389 (700–2286) | <0.001 |
| Antiplatelet therapy, n (%) | 97 (29.6) | 68 (58.1) | 29 (13.7) | <0.001 |
| Antithrombotic therapy with NOAC, n (%) | 74 (34.9) | - | 74 (34.9) | |
| Antithrombotic therapy with VKA, n (%) | 138 (65.1) | - | 138 (65.1) | |
| Co-morbidities | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 192 (58.5) | 18 (14.8) | 174 (84.5) | <0.001 |
| CHA2DS2-VASc score, median (IQR) | 5 (4–6) | 4 (3–5) | 5 (4–6) | <0.001 |
| HAS-BLED score, median (IQR) | 3 (2–4) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (2–4) | 0.635 |
| Bleeding events, n (%) | 54 (16.5) | 5 (4.3) | 49 (23.1) | 0.003 |
| Thromboembolic events, n (%) | 6 (2.0) | 1 (1.0) | 5 (2.5) | 0.355 |
| Arterial hypertension, n (%) | 311 (94.8) | 114 (93.4) | 197 (96.1) | 0.282 |
| Chronic kidney disease *, n (%) | 138 (44.5) | 35 (32.1) | 103 (51.2) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 117 (35.7) | 45 (36.9) | 72 (35.5) | 0.797 |
| Anemia, n (%) | 193 (61.9) | 73 (65.8) | 120 (59.7) | 0.291 |
| Invasive hemodynamic parameters | ||||
| Mean pulmonary arterial pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 33 (26–39) | 32 (25–38) | 33 (28–39) | 0.049 |
| Right atrial pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 12 (8–16) | 11 (8–15) | 12 (9–16) | 0.112 |
| Pulmonary artery wedge pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 19 (16–23) | 18 (15–22) | 20 (17–24) | 0.006 |
| Left ventricular end diastolic pressure, mmHg (IQR) | 19 (16–23) | 20 (15–25) | 19 (16–23) | 0.415 |
| Stroke volume index, mL/m2 (IQR) | 70.0 (59.0–86.9) | 71.5 (62.7–85.7) | 68.00 (56.4–87.2) | 0.160 |
| Cardiac index, L/min/m2 (IQR) | 2.7 (2.3–3.1) | 2.8 (2.5–3.4) | 2.7 (2.2–3.0) | 0.011 |
| Pulmonary vascular resistance, dyn·s·cm−5 (IQR) | 200.5 (141.2–284.6) | 204.9 (141.8–263.3) | 199.0 (141.2–290.9) | 0.812 |
OAC, oral anticoagulation; NYHA, New York Heart Association; NT-proBNP, N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide; NOAC, non-vitamin K oral anticoagulant; VKA, vitamin K antagonist; CHA2DS2-VASc (Congestive heart failure, Hypertension, Age ≥75 years, Diabetes mellitus, prior Stroke, Vascular disease, Age 65–74 years, Sex category) Score calculates stroke risk for patients with atrial fibrillation; HAS-BLED (Hypertension, Abnormal Renal/Liver Function, Stroke, Bleeding History or Predisposition, Labile INR, Elderly, Drugs/Alcohol Concomitantly) Score estimates risk for major bleeding; RV, right ventricular. Values are given as median and interquartile range (IQR), or total numbers (n) and percent (%). Bold indicates p < 0.05. * Estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73m2.