Table 2.

Size distributions, hydrodynamic radii, and zeta potentials of food additive TiO₂ (T1–T5) and general-grade bulk and nano TiO₂ (bulk and nano).

Sample	Distribution (No. %)			Z-Average Size (nm)	Zeta Potential (mV)
	<100 nm	100–200 nm	>200 nm
T1	ND	44.73 ± 7.05	55.27 ± 7.05	285.30 ± 6.68 b	−40.50 ± 3.06 a
T2	ND	38.97 ± 1.32	61.03 ± 1.32	299.93 ± 1.79 b	−40.73 ± 2.46 a
T3	ND	10.43 ± 1.40	89.57 ± 1.40	345.27 ± 4.45 c	−42.17 ± 1.63 a
T4	ND	49.97 ± 4.87	50.03 ± 4.87	291.60 ± 3.76 b	−36.70 ± 2.01 a
T5	ND	12.53 ± 2.61	87.47 ± 2.61	340.00 ± 3.94 c	−42.17 ± 3.61 a
Bulk	ND	45.47 ± 1.70	54.53 ± 1.70	293.10 ± 0.52 b	−37.90 ± 3.38 a
Nano	38.27 ± 18.28	61.60 ± 18.10	0.13 ± 0.23	153.43 ± 11.72 a	13.77 ± 0.74 b

Different lowercase letters (a, b, c) indicate significant differences among different particles (p < 0.05). No., number; ND, not detectable.