Table 2.
Traditional use of medicinal plants among herbal practitioners in the study area (Totonac indigenous group).
| Family | Scientific Name | Voucher Specimen | Common Name | Origin | Plant Part Used | Ailments | Category | Preparation Mode | Detailed Administration | UR | FL (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amaranthaceae | Beta vulgaris L. | PA-01 | betabel | Ex | root | intestinal worms | G | fresh | raw | 1 | 100.0 |
| stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| Amaryllidaceae | Allium cepa L. | PA-02 | cebolla morada | Ex | root | erection | D | fresh | crushed | 1 | 66.7 |
| kidney problem | C | fresh | crushed | 1 | |||||||
| veterinary fever in chicken | R | fresh | smashed | 4 | |||||||
| Amaryllidaceae | Allium sativum L. | PA-03 | ajo | Ex | root | blood circulation | B | fresh | infusion | 3 | 26.3 |
| cold | A | fresh | infusion | 2 | |||||||
| grains in the skin | O | fresh | bath | 2 | |||||||
| ajo con alcohol | root | liver problems | N | fresh | microdosis | 1 | |||||
| rheumatism | E | fresh | tincture | 5 | |||||||
| snake bites | M | fresh | tincture | 1 | |||||||
| Amaryllidaceae | Allium sativum L. | ajo con (with) aguacate | leaves | stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 3 | |||
| tooth pain | L | fresh | raw | 2 | |||||||
| Anacardiaceae | Spondias mombin L. | PA-04 | caña con jobo, durazno y piña | N | bark | alcoholic drink | R | dry | fermented | 1 | 66.7 |
| flu | A | dry | decocted | 6 | |||||||
| tooth pain | L | dry | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| Annonaceae | Annona glabra L. | PA-05 | anona | N | leaves | diarrhoea | G | fresh | infusion | 7 | 57.9 |
| fruit | drink | S | fresh | 3 | |||||||
| leaves | stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 4 | ||||||
| fruit | to have children | D | dry | squeezed | 3 | ||||||
| leaves | to have children | D | fresh | infusion | 2 | ||||||
| Annonaceae | Mangifera indica L | PA-06 | mango | Ex | seed | diarrhoea | G | fresh | decocted | 4 | 100.0 |
| Apiaceae | Arracacia atropurpúrea | PA-07 | comino | N | leaves | diarrhoea | G | dry | decocted | 6 | 100.0 |
| Apiáceas | Annona muricata | PA-08 | guanabana | N | leaves | cancer | I | fresh | infusion | 7 | 34.4 |
| leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 6 | ||||||
| leaves | high pressure | B | fresh | infusion | 11 | ||||||
| Apiáceas | Apium graveolens L. | apio | Ex | stem | cholesterol | B | fresh | liquefied | 8 | 100.0 | |
| Apocynaceae | Pentalinon andrieuxii (Müll.Arg.) B.F.Hansen & Wunderlin | PA-09 | guaco enredadera | N | root | snake bites | M | dry | tincture | 13 | 100.0 |
| Apocynaceae | Rauvolfia tetraphylla L. | PA-10 | cancerina | N | leaves | cancer | I | fresh | infusion | 11 | 100.0 |
| Arecaceae | Cocos nucifera L. | PA-11 | coco and caña morada | Ex | leaves | blood circulation | B | fresh | raw | 3 | 68.8 |
| chinkunguya | P | fresh | raw | 5 | |||||||
| dengue | P | fresh | raw | 6 | |||||||
| bark | stop bleeding in the parthum | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | ||||||
| Arecáceas | Acrocomia aculeata (Jacq.) Lodd. ex Mart. | PA-12 | coyol redondo palma | N | root | diabetes | H | dry | infusion | 3 | 50.0 |
| bark | eyes problem | Q | dry | decocted | 3 | 50.0 | |||||
| Asclepiadaceae | Asclepias curassavica L. | PA-13 | hierva del sapo | N | leaves | cancer | I | fresh | decocted | 16 | 59.,3 |
| leaves | diabetes | H | dry | infusion | 5 | ||||||
| leaves | kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 6 | ||||||
| Asteraceae | Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. | PA-14 | estafiate | N | stem | cholesterol | B | fresh | infusion | 12 | 100.0 |
| Asteraceae | Calea ternifolia Oliv. ex Thurn | PA-15 | zacate chichi | N | leaves, stem, flower | bile | G | fresh | infusion | 5 | 70.6 |
| diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 12 | |||||||
| Asteraceae | Cyclolepis genistoides D.Don | PA-16 | palo azul | Ex | bark | kidney problem | C | dry | decocted | 4 | 100.0 |
| Asteraceae | Gnaphalium viscosum Kunth | PA-17 | gordolobo | N | whole plant | cough | A | fresh | infusion | 2 | 100.0 |
| Asteraceae | Matricaria chamomilla L. | PA-18 | manzanilla | Ex | whole plant | colic pain | D | fresh | decocted | 16 | 47.1 |
| leaves | eyes problem | Q | fresh | bath | 4 | ||||||
| whole plant | stomach ache | G | fresh | decocted | 14 | ||||||
| Asteraceae | Parthenium hysterophorus L. | PA-19 | chuchullate o tres hojitas | N | stem | anaemia | B | fresh | decocted | 1 | 53.8 |
| leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 7 | ||||||
| leaves | wounds | O | fresh | bath | 2 | ||||||
| wounds | O | fresh | decocted | 3 | |||||||
| Asteraceae | Tagetes erecta L. | PA-20 | flor de muerto | N | root | stomach ache | G | dry | decocted | 6 | 100.0 |
| Asteraceae | Verbesina persicifolia D.C | PA-21 | huichin | N | leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 9 | 39.1 |
| leaves | gastritis | G | fresh | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| root | high pressure | B | fresh | decocted | 9 | 39.1 | |||||
| root | inflammation | E | fresh | bath | 4 | ||||||
| Bignoniaceae | Parmentiera aculeata (Kunth) Seem. | PA-22 | chote, chiote | N | flower | veterinary uses | R | fresh | decocted | 7 | 50.0 |
| kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 7 | |||||||
| Bignoniaceae | Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth | PA-23 | tronadora (hoja de san pedro) | N | leaves | infection in skin | O | fresh | burned | 2 | 100.0 |
| Brassicaceae | Nasturtium officinale R. Br. | PA-24 | berros | N | leaves | anaemia | B | fresh | bath | 3 | 100.0 |
| Burseraceae | Bursera simaruba (L.) Sarg. | PA-25 | chaca | leaves | fever | P | fresh | cataplasm | 45 | 100.0 | |
| Cactaceae | Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. | PA-26 | Nopal, pepino and cascara | N | leaves | cholesterol | B | fresh | liquefied | 2 | 66.7 |
| clean stomach | G | fresh | liquefied | 8 | |||||||
| diabetes | H | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| Cannabacea | Cannabis sativa L. | PA-27 | marihuana | Ex | whole plant | rheumatism | E | fresh | tincture | 9 | 100.0 |
| Cannabaceae | Trema micrantha (L) Blume | PA-28 | puam | N | leaves | chicken pox | P | fresh | bath | 8 | 100.0 |
| measles | P | fresh | bath | 6 | |||||||
| Caricaceae | Carica papaya L. | PA-29 | papaya | stem | pain in ears | Q | fresh | burned | 5 | 100.0 | |
| Chenopodiaceae | Chenopodium ambrosioides | PA-30 | epasote | N | leaves | intestinal worms | G | fresh | infusion | 13 | 100.0 |
| stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 12 | |||||||
| Commelinaceae | Tradescantia spathacea Sw. | PA-31 | barquilla, maguey morado | N | leaves | grains in the mouth | L | fresh | squeezed | 3 | 38.7 |
| kidney problem | C | fresh | infusion | 8 | |||||||
| respiratory system | A | fresh | infusion | 8 | |||||||
| wounds | O | fresh | burned | 1 | |||||||
| skin infection | O | fresh | bath | 3 | |||||||
| wounds and bruises | O | fresh | cataplasm | 8 | |||||||
| Cucurbitaceae | Cucurbita pepo L. | PA-32 | calabaza | N | latex | scratches, wounds | O | fresh | squeezed | 4 | 100.0 |
| Cucurbitaceae | Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw. | PA-33 | chayote | N | fruit | cholesterol | B | fresh | decocted | 12 | 100.0 |
| Euphorbiaceae | Cnidoscolus chayamansa Mc Vaugh | PA-34 | chaya | N | leaves | high pressure | B | fresh | decocted | 7 | 100.0 |
| Euphorbiaceae | Cnidoscolus tubulosus (Müll.Arg.) I.M.Johnst. | PA-35 | hortiga macho con espina | N | root | kidney problem | C | dry | decocted | 5 | 61.1 |
| stem | kidney problem | C | fresh | infusion | 6 | ||||||
| latex | tooth pain | L | fresh | raw | 7 | ||||||
| Euphorbiaceae | Euphorbia hirta L. | PA-36 | riñonina | N | leaves | kidney problem | C | fresh | infusion | 6 | 100.0 |
| Euphorbiaceae | Jatropha curcas L. | PA-37 | piñon | N | latex | bleeding of the gums, | L | fresh | topical raw | 4 | 57.1 |
| leaves | grains | O | fresh | bath | 1 | ||||||
| latex | herpes | P | fresh | topical raw | 2 | ||||||
| Fabaceae | Bauhinia divaricata L. | PA-38 | pata de vaca | N | leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 4 | 44.4 |
| diarrhoea | G | fresh | infusion | 3 | |||||||
| Mixed with crushed rice | whole plant | dysentery | G | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||
| leaves | grains in the skin | O | fresh | bath | 1 | ||||||
| Fabaceae | Cassia fistula L. | PA-39 | hojasen | Ex | leaves | colitis | G | fresh | infusion | 3 | 100.0 |
| Fabaceae | Erythrina caribaea Krukoff & Barneby | PA-40 | pichoco | N | bark | push delivering in parthum | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | 100.0 |
| Fabaceae | Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg | PA-41 | tarai (palo azul) | N | bark | kidney problem | C | dry | infusion | 5 | 100.0 |
| Fabaceae | Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Walp | PA-42 | cocohuite | N | leaves | fever | P | fresh | tincture | 2 | 100.0 |
| Fabaceae | Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit | PA-43 | guaje | N | fruit | intestinal worms | G | fresh | raw | 4 | 100.0 |
| Geraniaceae | Pelargonium spp. | PA-44 | malva con hortiga | Ex | leaves | chicken pox | P | fresh | decocted | 1 | 50.0 |
| grains | O | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||||
| Lamiaceae | Mentha spicata L. | PA-45 | hierva buena | Ex | leaves | colic pain | D | fresh | infusion | 14 | 57.6 |
| stomach ache | G | fresh | decocted | 19 | |||||||
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum basilicum L. | PA-46 | albacahar | N | leaves | anxiety | F | fresh | raw | 7 | 36.0 |
| bad wind | S | fresh | raw | 3 | |||||||
| dizzy | Q | fresh | infusion | 9 | |||||||
| evil eye | S | fresh | bath | 4 | |||||||
| high pressure | B | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| nausea | G | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| Lamiaceae | Salvia spp. | PA-47 | salvia | En | leaves | spasm | E | fresh | decocted | 2 | 100.0 |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum verum J.Presl | PA-48 | mango con canela | Ex | leaves | abortive | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | 58.3 |
| chinkunguya | P | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| cough | A | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||||
| colic pain | D | fresh | decocted | 5 | |||||||
| drink | S | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| Lauraceae | Persea americana Mill. | PA-49 | aguacate | N | seed | abortive | D | fresh | decocted | 5 | 86.2 |
| Lauraceae | Persea americana Mill. | aguacate oloroso | N | leaves | diarrhoea | G | fresh | infusion | 19 | ||
| seed | kidney problem | C | fresh | liquefied | 3 | ||||||
| leaves | nausea | G | fresh | infusion | 2 | ||||||
| leaves | stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 29 | ||||||
| Loranthaceae | Struthanthus crassipes (Oliver) Eichl. | PA-50 | secapalo | En | leaves | grains | O | fresh | decocted | 7 | 53.3 |
| kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 7 | |||||||
| wounds | O | fresh | bath | 1 | |||||||
| Malvaceae | Guazum aulmifolia Lam. | PA-51 | guazima | N | bark | colitis | G | dry | decocted | 5 | 61.9 |
| bark | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 4 | ||||||
| bark | diarrhoea | G | dry | decocted | 4 | ||||||
| fruit | drink | S | fresh | squeezed | 2 | ||||||
| bark | stomach ache | G | dry | decocted | 4 | ||||||
| leaves | veterinary | R | fresh | raw | 2 | ||||||
| Malvaceae | Heliocarpus appendiculatus Turcz. | PA-52 | jonote | N | latex | wounds | O | dry | topical raw | 4 | 100.0 |
| Malvaceae | Sida rhombifolia L. | PA-53 | malva and albacahar | N | leaves | bad wind | S | fresh | raw | 1 | 100.0 |
| stem | ritual | S | fresh | raw | 4 | ||||||
| Malvaceae | Sphaeralcea angustifolia (Cav.) G.Don | PA-54 | hierva del negro | N | whole plant | bad wind | S | fresh | raw | 15 | 100.0 |
| Meliaceae | Azadirachta indica A. Juss. | PA-55 | neem | Ex | fruit | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 18 | 100.0 |
| Meliaceae | Cedrela odorata L. | PA-56 | cedro | N | bark | abortive | D | dry | decocted | 4 | 75.0 |
| bark | fever | P | dry | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| leaves | inflammation | E | fresh | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| bark | problems in trying to have children | D | dry | decocted | 2 | ||||||
| Meliaceae | Melia azedarach L. | PA-57 | piocha | Ex | leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 8 | 100.0 |
| Monimiaceae | Peumus boldus Molina | PA-58 | boldo | Ex | leaves | colitis | G | fresh | infusion | 4 | 100.0 |
| Moraceae | Morus celtidifolia Kunth | PA-59 | mora | N | leaves | chinkunguya | P | fresh | decocted | 2 | 66.7 |
| leaves | tooth pain | L | fresh | raw | 1 | ||||||
| Moringaceae | Moringa oleifera Lam. | PA-60 | moringa | Ex | leaves | cancer | I | fresh | decocted | 1 | 85.7 |
| leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | decocted | 6 | ||||||
| Musaceae | Musa spp. | PA-61 | platano | Ex | bark | respiratory system | A | fresh | decocted | 2 | 77.8 |
| bark | tuberculosis | P | fresh | fermented | 7 | ||||||
| Myrsinaceae | Ardisia compressa Kunth | PA-62 | capulin and nona | N | leaves | stomach ache | G | fresh | infusion | 5 | 62.5 |
| leaves | wounds | O | fresh | bath | 3 | ||||||
| Myrtaceae | Eucalyptus globulus Labill | PA-63 | eucalipto | Ex | leaves | bronchitis | A | fresh | decocted | 3 | 100.0 |
| Myrtaceae | Pimenta dioica(L.) Merr. | PA-64 | pimienta | Ex | leaves | flu | A | fresh | decocted | 3 | 100.0 |
| Myrtaceae | Psidium guajava L. | PA-65 | guayaba | N | leaves | diarrhoea | G | dry | decocted | 16 | 53.3 |
| bark | flu | A | dry | decocted | 14 | ||||||
| Myrtaceae | Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. & Perry | PA-66 | clavo | Ex | seed | tooth pain | L | dry | topical raw | 5 | 100.0 |
| Nyctaginaceae | Bougainville aglabra Choisy | PA-67 | bugambilia | Ex | flower | cough | A | fresh | infusion | 19 | 100.0 |
| Orchidaceae | Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews | PA-68 | vainilla | N | fruit | drink | S | fresh | fermented | 2 | 72.7 |
| fruit | drink | S | fresh | raw | 6 | ||||||
| fruit | menopause | D | fresh | tincture | 1 | ||||||
| leaves | menopause | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | ||||||
| Papaveraceae | Fumaria officinalis L. | PA-69 | Sangre de Cristo (Blood of Christ) | Ex | leaves | wounds | O | fresh | bath | 3 | 100.0 |
| Passifloraceae | Passiflora coriacea Juss. | PA-70 | hierva del murcielago | N | leaves | kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 6 | 100.0 |
| Pedaliaceae | Sesamum indicum L. | PA-71 | ajonjoli | Ex | seed | breastfeeding | D | dry | decocted | 15 | 100.0 |
| Piperaceae | Peperomia granulosa Trel. | PA-72 | gordonzillo (acoyo) | N | root | breastfeeding | D | fresh | decocted | 5 | 53.1 |
| stems | menstruation | D | fresh | decocted | 4 | ||||||
| root | to have children | D | fresh | decocted | 8 | ||||||
| leaves | cirrhosis | N | fresh | infusion | 1 | ||||||
| leaves | rheumatism | E | fresh | burned | 9 | ||||||
| acoyo (gordonsillo) and ajo | leaves | respiratory system | A | fresh | infusion | 5 | |||||
| Piperaceae | Piper sanctum (Miq.) Schltdl. ex C.DC. | PA-73 | hierva santa | N | leaves | clean baby and post-parthum | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | 100.0 |
| Plantaginaceae | Plantago major L. | PA-74 | llanten | Ex | leaves | skin problems | O | fresh | decocted | 15 | 100.0 |
| Poaceae | Cymbopogon citratu Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf | PA-75 | zacate limon | Ex-invader | leaves | drink | S | fresh | 7 | 100.0 | |
| Poaceae | Pachystachys spicata (Ruiz & Pav.) Wassh. | PA-76 | mohuite | N | stem | bad wind | S | fresh | 1 | 70.6 | |
| leaves | epilepsy | F | fresh | decocted | 3 | ||||||
| kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 12 | |||||||
| nausea | G | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| Poaceae | Phalaris canariensis L. | PA-77 | alpistle | Ex | seed | diabetes | H | fresh | liquefied | 9 | 100.0 |
| Poaceae | Zea maiz L. | PA-78 | maiz morado | N | seed | alcoholic drink | S | fresh | fermented | 3 | 82.4 |
| pelo de maiz | fruit | kidney problem | C | fresh | infusion | 14 | |||||
| Portulacaceae | Portulaca oleraceae L. | PA-79 | verdolaga | N | leaves | blood circulation | B | fresh | burned | 2 | 100.0 |
| Rosaceae | Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl. | PA-80 | nispero | Ex | leaves | kidney problem | C | fresh | decocted | 2 | 100.0 |
| Rosaceae | Prunus domestica L. | PA-81 | ciruela | Ex | leaves | rash and grains | O | fresh | smashed | 4 | 66.7 |
| smallpox | P | fresh | bath | 2 | |||||||
| Rubiaceae | Hamelia patens Jacq. | PA-82 | tres hojitas | N | leaves | anaemia | B | fresh | infusion | 3 | 23.4 |
| blood circulation | B | fresh | decocted | 7 | |||||||
| breastfeeding | D | fresh | burned | 6 | |||||||
| cancer | I | dry | decocted | 9 | |||||||
| colitis | G | fresh | decocted | 4 | |||||||
| diabetes | H | fresh | decocted | 7 | |||||||
| diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 11 | |||||||
| gastritis | G | fresh | infusion | ||||||||
| gastritis | G | fresh | decocted | 8 | |||||||
| high pressure | B | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| menstruation | D | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| root | respiratory system | A | dry | decocted | 7 | ||||||
| skin problems, fungus | O | fresh | squeezed | 2 | |||||||
| ulcers | G | fresh | decocted | 5 | |||||||
| wounds | O | fresh | bath | 5 | |||||||
| Rubiaceae | Morinda citrifolia L. | PA-83 | noni | Ex | fruit | diabetes | H | fresh | liquefied | 10 | 83.3 |
| heart problems | B | fresh | squeezed | 2 | |||||||
| Rutaceae | Casimiroa edulis La Llave | PA-84 | zapote blanco | N | leaves | cholesterol | B | fresh | infusion | 3 | 30.0 |
| latex | gum | L | dry | raw | 2 | ||||||
| bark | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| leaves | fever | P | fresh | infusion | 2 | ||||||
| bark | kidney problem | C | dry | decocted | 2 | ||||||
| Rutaceae | Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle | PA-85 | azares de naranjo | Ex | leaves | anxiety | F | fresh | decocted | 3 | 100.0 |
| Rutaceae | Citrus× aurantium L. | PA-86 | naranja cucha | Ex | leaves | anxiety | F | fresh | decocted | 9 | 64.3 |
| cough | A | fresh | decocted | 4 | |||||||
| naranja, papaya, limon, nopal | fruit | diabetes | H | fresh | liquefied | 1 | |||||
| Rutaceae | Citrus limetta Risso | PA-87 | lima chichi | Ex | fruit | high pressure | B | fresh | decocted | 3 | 75.0 |
| infection in the eyes | Q | fresh | squeezed | 9 | |||||||
| Rutaceae | Citrus medica L. | PA-88 | limon | N | fruit | cough | A | fresh | infusion | 14 | |
| Rutaceae | Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck | PA-89 | naranja | Ex | leaves | anxiety | F | fresh | infusion | 6 | 54.5 |
| flu | A | fresh | infusion | 5 | |||||||
| Rutaceae | Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack | PA-90 | limonaria | Ex | leaves | diabetes | H | fresh | squeezed | 2 | 66.7 |
| tooth pain | L | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||||
| Rutaceae | Ruta graveolens L. | PA-91 | ruda | Ex | leaves | colitis | G | fresh | infusion | 3 | 43.8 |
| evil eye | S | fresh | raw | 3 | |||||||
| gastritis | G | fresh | infusion | 4 | |||||||
| high pressure | B | fresh | infusion | 4 | |||||||
| menstruation | D | fresh | infusion | 8 | |||||||
| pain in ears | Q | fresh | infusion | 3 | |||||||
| abortive | D | fresh | infusion | 6 | |||||||
| pain in the chest | A | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| Sapotaceae | Manilkara chicle (Pittier) Gilly | PA-92 | zapote chico and guia del chayote | N | leaves | cholesterol | B | fresh | infusion | 4 | 57.1 |
| diabetes | H | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| high pressure | B | fresh | infusion | 2 | |||||||
| Sapotaceae | Pouteria sapota (Jacq.) H.E. Moore & Stearn. | PA-93 | zapote rebentador | N | bark | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 4 | 57.1 |
| fruit | diarrhoea | G | fresh | squeezed | 2 | ||||||
| leaves | nausea | G | fresh | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| Smilacaceae | Smilax mollis Humb. & Bonpl. ex Willd. | PA-94 | cocolmecate (bejuco enredadera) | N | root | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 4 | 57.1 |
| root | gastritis | G | dry | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| bark | loss weight | B | dry | decocted | 2 | ||||||
| Solanaceae | Physalis ixocarpa Brot. ex Hornem | PA-95 | tomate verde | N | leaves | kidney problem | C | fresh | infusion | 4 | 100.0 |
| Urticaceae | Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. | PA-96 | hormiguillo (nihuiya) | N | bark | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 2 | 100.0 |
| Verbenaceae | Lippia duartei Moldenke | PA-97 | hierva dulce | N | whole plant | diabetes | H | dry | decocted | 1 | 50.0 |
| leaves | diarrhoea | G | dry | decocted | 1 | ||||||
| Verbenaceae | Lippia graveolens Kunth | PA-98 | oregano | N | leaves | respiratory system | A | dry | infusion | 4 | 100.0 |
| Xanthorrhoeaceae | Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. | PA-99 | savila | Ex | leaves | gastritis | G | fresh | raw | 7 | 33.3 |
| hair problems | Q | fresh | smashed | 6 | |||||||
| inflammation | E | fresh | topical raw | 3 | |||||||
| whole plant | ulcers | G | fresh | infusion | 3 | ||||||
| wounds | O | fresh | topical raw | 11 | |||||||
| anaemia | B | fresh | infusion | 1 | |||||||
| chinkunguya | P | fresh | infusion | 2 | |||||||
| Zingiberaceae | Costus spicatus (Jacq.) Sw. | PA-100 | caña de jabali | N | stem | kidney problem | C | dry | infusion | 21 | 95.5 |
| caña de jabali con raiz de chiote | root | hepatitis | N | dry | decocted | 1 | |||||
| Zingiberaceae | Zingiber officinale Roscoe | PA-101 | gengibre | Ex | root | anaemia | B | fresh | decocted | 1 | 54.5 |
| blood circulation | B | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| clean the blood | B | fresh | raw | 3 | |||||||
| colic pain | D | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||||
| stomach ache | G | fresh | decocted | 1 | |||||||
| intestinal worm | G | fresh | decocted | 2 | |||||||
| inflammation | E | fresh | decocted | 1 |
A, refers to Respiratory system disorders; B to Blood cardiovascular disorders; C, Kidney disorders; D, Genio-urinary disorders and childcare; E, Skeleton-muscular system disorders, F, Nervous system disorders; G, Gastro-intestinal disorders; H, Endocrinal disorders; I, Oncology; L, Dental care; M, Poisonous bites; N, Liver disorders; O, Skin disorders; P, Fever and infective diseases; Q, Ear, eye, hair disorders; R, Veterinary uses, S, Different uses. N, native, En, endemic, Ex, exotic; Bold ailments treated, Main use of Plant on which FL% is based.