Figure 1.

Proposed models of regulation and integration of seed yield, maximal photosynthetic efficiency, reactive oxygen species (ROS)/hormonal cellular homeostasis and water use efficiency by LESION SIMULATING DISEASE 1 (LSD1)/ENHANCED DISEASE SUSCEPTIBILITY 1 (EDS1)/PHYTOALEXIN DEFICIENT 4 (PAD4) in Arabidopsis. LSD1/EDS1/PAD4 is proposed to function as a regulatory hub in laboratory (A) and field (B) conditions. Bold lines—strong regulation, thin lines—weak regulation. WUE—water use efficiency, Yield—seed yield. Average light intensity (µmol of photons m⁻²s⁻¹) and temperature (°C) are given on the triangle borders that symbolize the capacity of the photosystems to absorb excess light energy (EEE). Chloroplast (Chl), nucleus (N), photosystem II and I (PSII and PSI), plasma membrane (PM), reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA).