Table 2.

TIPPME intervention typology for environments to change behaviour according to Hollands et al. (2017)

Class	Intervention type	Examples for intervention focus
		Product	Related objects	Wider environment
Placement	Availability	Adding non-alcoholic options to a bar’s range of drinks, or removing less healthy snack options from a vending machine	Add baskets, trolleys or trays to a shop or restaurant to increase the number of products that people can select and carry	Removing some of the entrance doors leading to a bar or cafeteria
	Position	Place less healthy options further away from seating, entrance, or main thoroughfare	Move refrigerators containing sugary drinks to a less convenient location in a supermarket	Move dividing walls or fixed furniture to alter layout of a supermarket, restaurant, or bar
Properties	Functionality	Allowing easier opening or pouring or demarcate plate to provide guidance for amounts of vegetables vs. meat selected	Demarcate shopping trolley space to indicate designated space for fruit and vegetables	Alter functionality of entrance and exit doors (e.g. change their opening mechanism)
	Presentation	Plain packaging for cigarettes or alcohol products	Colours, textures, and visual design of shelf displays, menus, and other related object	Indoor climate: temperature, humidity, air pressure, lighting
	Size	Change size of portions, plates, packages	Change size of shopping trolleys or baskets, cafeteria trays, or food and drink storage equipment	Size and shape of windows, or fixed furniture
	Information	Health warnings on cigarette packets, alcohol consumption units on glasses	Nutritional information on menus or menu boards	Information on posters, leaflets, or computer screens, in the wider environment