Table 3.

Absolute risk difference (per 1000 population over 10 years) of ischaemic heart disease and stroke in different diet groups in the EPIC-Oxford study

Outcome and diet groups*	Predicted incidence per 1000 population over 10 years†	Absolute risk difference per 1000 population over 10 years‡
Ischaemic heart disease
Meat eaters	46.2 (43.8 to 48.7)	Reference
Fish eaters	40.4 (36.2 to 45.2)	−5.8 (−10.0 to −1.0)
Vegetarians	36.2 (33.1 to 39.5)	−10.0 (−13.1 to −6.7)
Total stroke
Meat eaters	15.4 (14.1 to 16.8)	Reference
Fish eaters	17.5 (14.8 to 20.6)	2.1 (−0.6 to 5.3)
Vegetarians	18.3 (16.2 to 20.8)	3.0 (0.8 to 5.4)

^*Meat eaters were participants who reported eating meat, regardless of whether they ate fish, dairy, or eggs; fish eaters were participants who did not eat meat but did eat fish; and vegetarians included vegans.

^†For meat eaters, calculated as (1−S_r)×1000, where S_r=(1−observed incidence in meat eaters)¹⁰, and represents the predicted 10 year survival rate in the meat eaters. For all other diet groups, calculated as (1−S_r ^HR)×1000, where HR represents the hazard ratio or confidence intervals of the hazard ratio for each outcome in that diet group, and S_r ^HR represents the predicted 10 year survival (that is, non-incidence) rate in the diet group.

^‡Calculated as the difference between the predicted incidence per 1000 population over 10 years between each diet group and the meat eaters.