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. 2019 Aug 28;10:2058. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02058

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Copyright © 2019 Burbano, Villar-Vesga, Vásquez, Muñoz-Vahos, Rojas and Castaño.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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MDM differentiated with MP and MP-IC induce the activation and plasmablast differentiation of autologous LB from patients with SLE. (A) The frequency of CD80, CD86, CD69, and CD95 in B cells from patients with SLE (n = 7) and HC (n = 6) co-cultured with MDM differentiated without (Unstim) or with LMP and LMP-IC. (B) The frequency of dead B cells (positive for LIVE-DEAD probe) from patients with SLE (n = 7) and HC (n = 6) cultured alone (Unstim, in complete medium) and with anti-BCR plus CD40L (positive control) or co-cultured with MDM differentiated without (Unstim) or with LMP and LMP-IC. (C) BAFF and APRIL levels in the supernatants of MDM from patients with SLE (n = 5) and HC (n = 5) differentiated without (Unstim) or with LMP and LMP-IC. (D) Representative gating strategy to determine the frequency of plasmablasts after the co-culture of B cells with MDM differentiated without (Unstim) or with LMP and LMP-IC. (E) The frequency of plasmablasts from B cells cultured alone (Unstim, in complete medium), with anti-BCR plus CD40L (positive control), or co-cultured with autologous MDM from patients with SLE (n = 7) and HC (n = 6) differentiated without (Unstim) or with LMP and LMP-IC. (F) IgG and IgM levels in supernatants from the co-cultures of MDM differentiated with or without LMP and LMP-IC with autologous B cells from HC (n = 5) and patients with SLE (n = 5). Comparisons among the groups were performed using ANOVA II and the Bonferroni post-hoc test.