γ2 increases kainate efficacy and speeds recovery from desensitization in hippocampal neurons. A, Dose-response curves for kainate-evoked currents in hippocampal neurons transfected with GFP (control) or γ2 plus GFP. Currents were normalized relative to 3 mm kainate. Points represent the mean ± SEM (n = 4-11, depending on dose). B, Representative traces from neurons transfected with GFP or γ2 plus GFP illustrate the association and dissociation of kainate (600 μm) in the presence of glutamate (200 μm). C, Both association (τon) and dissociation (τoff) of kainate in the presence of glutamate were well fit by a single exponential function. Error bars represent the mean ± SEM (control, n = 16; γ2, n = 15). ***p < 0.001, difference for γ2 relative to the respective control.