Figure 1.

Experimental design. At the beginning of each session, the direction of TMS-evoked movements (“baseline before training”) was determined in each individual by assessing the first-peak accelerations along the extension/flexion and abduction/adduction axes (Classen et al., 1998). Subsequently, subjects participated in three different training sessions: physical training, which consisted of performance of voluntary thumb movements in a direction opposite the baseline direction and observation of thumb movements directed opposite the baseline direction and toward the baseline direction.