Alterations in rRNA and tRNA molecules, and elevated RNA oxidation, is observed in MCI and AD. A, B, The levels of individual rRNA species (45S, 35S, 28S, 18S, 5.8S, 5S, and pre-5S) were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR in the cerebellum (A) and inferior parietal lobule (B). Analysis was conducted in control, MCI, and AD subjects. The levels of individual tRNA species were also calculated in the cerebellum (C) and inferior parietal lobule (D) of these same subjects. The expression of several initiation factors and their regulators (FRAP, phosphorylated p70S6 kinase, PKR, and eIF2) were analyzed in the cerebellum (E) and inferior parietal lobule (F) of these same subjects. G, An antibody against 8-OHG was used to detect oxidized RNA in total RNA pool from the cerebellum or inferior parietal lobule of control, MCI, and AD subjects. The inserted photo is a representative result for control (Cont), MCI, and early AD (from left to right). The dark arrow indicates oxidized RNA at the 28S rRNA position, with the white arrow representing the 18S rRNA bands in the gel before transfer. Error bars represent SEM. *p < 0.01 compared with control.