Figure 1.

Acute energy inhibition does not cause overt neurodegeneration or astrogliosis. A-J, Two- to 3-month-old Tg2576 mice were given a single intraperitoneal injection of 18 U/kg insulin (INS; C, D), 1 g/kg 2DG (E, F), 100 mg/kg 3NP (G, H), 30 mg/kg KA (I, J), or vehicle (VEH; A, B) and were then allowed to recover for 7 d. Brains were harvested, parasagittal sections were cut, and immunohistochemistry was performed using an anti-GFAP antibody and hematoxylin counterstaining. A, C, E, G, I, Low-magnification images of the hippocampus showing pyramidal cell layers of CA1/2, CA3, and the dentate gyrus (DG). No significant reduction in cell-layer thickness was observed with any of the treatments compared with vehicle control, demonstrating that energy inhibitors did not cause gross neuronal loss or neurodegeneration. B, D, F, H, J, High-magnification images of hippocampal astrocytes near CA3 stained with anti-GFAP antibody. Arrowheads show representative astrocytes. Note that comparable numbers of GFAP-immunopositive astrocytes are present in energy-inhibitor-treated and vehicle control hippocampi, indicating that agents did not induce significant astrogliosis. Scale bars: A, B, 200μm.