MO against sdf-1a efficiently and specifically knocks down the synthesis of SDF-1a. All panels show 28 hpf embryos that were heat induced at 24 hpf. A, Wild-type embryo coinjected with hsp70-sdf-1a-gfp expression construct and standard control morpholino, showing mosaic expression of SDF-1a GFP after heat induction. B, Coinjection of hsp70-sdf-1a-gfp plasmid and antisense sdf-1a MO effectively blocked protein synthesis of targeted transcript, as indicated by the absence or severe reduction of GFP fluorescence. Because the heat-inducible expression of hsp70-sdf-1a-gfp construct is much higher than the endogenous expression of sdf-1a, similar dosage of antisense sdf-1a MO can presumably effectively knock down endogenous sdf-1a expression as well. C, A heat-induced hsp70:sdf-1b-gfp transgenic embryo injected with antisense sdf-1a morpholino, showing induced, ubiquitous expression of SDF-1b GFP, of which expression was not affected by antisense sdf-1a MO. Scale bar, 40 μm.