Fast-spiking interneurons that evoked IPSPs in HVCX neurons are PV+. A, Top, A single optical section of a confocal image of an intracellularly stained interneuron (green) with immunohistochemical staining for PV (red). Action potentials in this interneuron evoked IPSPs in an HVCX cell (data not shown). In the bottom panel, only the red wavelength is shown, showing that the soma of the interneuron was PV+. B, An HVCX neuron (green) that received inhibitory input from a fast-spiking interneuron; a PV+ cell body was closely apposed to the HVCX neuron soma.