Detection of intracellular and extracellular Trx and Hsp72 in cultured RPE cells, effect of extracellular Trx against H2O2-induced photoreceptor cell damage, and Prx expression in photoreceptor cells. A, Western blotting for Trx and Hsp72 in total cell lysates of GGA-treated human K-1034 RPE cells. The sample loading was monitored by staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 (CBB). B, Western blotting for Trx and Hsp72 in concentrated culture medium of GGA-treated human K-1034 RPE cells. C, Sandwich ELISA for human Trx in nonconcentrated culture medium of GGA-treated human K-1034 RPE cells (**p < 0.001 by unpaired t test). Each bar is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6 in each group). D, LDH-releasing assay for H2O2-treated mouse 661W photoreceptor-derived cells. Cell damage is significantly inhibited by the addition of rhTrx protein to the culture medium (*p < 0.01 and **p < 0.001, compared with 0 μm GGA by unpaired t test). Each bar is expressed as mean ± SD (n = 6 in each group). E, Western blotting for Prx-I, -IV, and -VI in total cell lysate of 661W cells.