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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 Sep 4.
Published in final edited form as: Anesth Analg. 2019 May;128(5):1013–1021. doi: 10.1213/ANE.0000000000004058

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Incubation of K562 cells with opioids. The percent of K562 cells undergoing apoptosis after a 2-hour incubation with an opioid was determined. Untreated K562 cells were tested as a negative control. Staurosporine (STS; 100 nM) confirmed apoptosis as a positive control (black bar labeled STS). Each opioid was tested at the highest concentration used in subsequent apoptosis assays. Data are expressed as a percent of the positive control. Each test was repeated in triplicate. Mean and upper 95% CI are reported. ODMT (O-desmethyltramadol).