Table 3.
Characteristics of Italian children with NAFLD who received DHA-CHO-VE treatment
| Demographics and clinical features |
FADS genotype (rs174576) |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CC (n = 9) |
CA+AA (n = 10) |
|||||
| Before | After | p Value | Before | After | p Value | |
| Age | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 13.00 ± 2.45 | 14.00 ± 2.45 | 0.32 | 13.81 ± 2.13 | 14.81 ± 2.13 | 0.21 |
| Median (IQR) | 13.00 (11.00–14.00) | 14.00 (12.00– 15.00) | 13.00 (12.00–15.50) | 14.00 (13.00–16.50) | ||
| Male sex, n (%) | 5 (55.56) | 5 (55.56) | 1 | 8 (80.00) | 8 (80.00) | 1 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 26.47 ± 4.09 | 26.45 ± 4.28 | 0.89 | 29.29 ± 4.07 | 29.06 ± 4.64 | 0.96 |
| Median (IQR) | 28.89 (22.84–29.88) | 27.79 (22.84–30.00) | 30.12 (26.37–30.71) | 28.44 (26.29–33.04) | ||
| BMI (percentile) | 95.7 ± 4.1 | 97.2 ± 2.4 | 0.35 | 94.1 ± 4.6 | 94.5 ± 5.9 | 0.21 |
| WC (cm) | ||||||
| Mean ± SD | 84.54 (11.62) | 84.69 (10.55) | 0.97 | 87.56 (8.89) | 92.09 (6.85) | 0.19 |
| Median (IQR) | 89.00 (78.00–90.00) | 84.00 (76.00–89.00) | 89.50 (83.00–92.30) | 94.00 (84.50–95.25) | ||
| WC (percentile) | 83.5 ± 18.9 | 82.3 ± 20.3 | 0.95 | 83 ± 12.8 | 86.8 ± 9.5 | 0.43 |
| Before | After | p Value | Before | After | p Value | |
| Biochemical features | ||||||
| Col Tot (mg/dL) | 149.78 ± 17.38 | 149 ± 16.43 | 0.75 | 132.63 ± 29.16 | 142.51 ± 27.40 | 1 |
| HDL (mg/dL) | 48.33 ± 8.75 | 47.22 ± 8.59 | 0.82 | 47.8 ± 7.48 | 43.76 ± 5.00 | 1 |
| LDL (mg/dL) | 83.78 ± 26.54 | 80.11 ± 20.99 | 0.89 | 76.7 ± 25.84 | 94.33 ± 18.59 | 0.51 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 97.78 ± 55.80 | 112.22 ± 68.01 | 0.69 | 96.36 ± 52.66 | 94.33 ± 59.83 | 0.76 |
| Uric acid (mg/dL) | 5.33 ± 0.89 | 5.13 ± 0.87 | 0.47 | 5.22 ± 1.07 | 13.57 ± 24.92 | 0.87 |
| AST (UI/mL) | 33.44 ± 8.90 | 32.89 ± 7.45 | 0.69 | 34.72 ± 14.58 | 37.33 ± 24.17 | 0.67 |
| ALT (UI/mL) | 48.33 ± 22.94 | 45.67 ± 21.23 | 0.79 | 47.9 ± 32.70 | 32.41 ± 15.54 | 0.25 |
| GGT (UI/mL) | 16.67 ± 7.00 | 16.67 ± 6.94 | 1 | 17.54 ± 9.27 | 17.33 ± 8.98 | 0.56 |
| Glycemia (mg/dL) | 86.89 ± 7.49 | 84.22 ± 8.43 | 0.93 | 85.63 ± 7.21 | 79.33 ± 22.09 | 0.9 |
| Histological features | ||||||
| Fibrosis Index | 1.78 ± 0.44 | 1.44 ± 0.52 | 0.17 | 1.81 ± 0.40 | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 0.00057 |
| Steatosis Index | 1.56 ± 0.73 | 1.33 ± 1.22 | 0.64 | 1.45 ± 0.93 | 1 ± 1.00 | 0.011 |
| Ballooning | 1.33 ± 0.50 | 0.78 ± 0.83 | 0.12 | 1.18 ± 0.87 | 0.56 ± 0.52 | 0.0054 |
| Lobular inflammation | 1.11 ± 0.60 | 0.89 ± 0.33 | 0.36 | 1.18 ± 0.40 | 1.11 ± 0.33 | 0.58 |
| Portal inflammation | 1.33 ± 0.50 | 1.22 ± 0.44 | 0.64 | 1.45 ± 0.52 | 1.22 ± 0.66 | 0.82 |
| NAS | 4 ± 1.32 | 3.38 ± 1.92 | 0.52 | 3.9 ± 1.64 | 2.66 ± 1.50 | 0.0071 |
Measurement is expressed in mean ± SD, Wilcoxon’s rank-sum test is used for the comparison of before and after treatment
In bold the significant values for p <0.05
SD standard deviation, BMI body mass index, IQR interquartile range, WC waist circumference, Col Tot total cholesterol, HDL high-density lipoprotein, LDL low-density lipoprotein, TG triglycerides, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ALT alanine transaminase, GGT gamma-glutamyl transferase, NAS NAFLD activity score