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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Aug 22.
Published in final edited form as: Cell. 2019 Aug 22;178(5):1159–1175.e17. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.07.043

Figure 4. Elevated Aβ plaque load and reactive gliosis in APP-PS1/ATXN1-KO mouse.

Figure 4.

(A) Upper and middle panels: Aβ immunohistochemical staining of 5- and 9-month-old mice. Aβ plaques (arrows) are abundantly detected in cortex and hippocampus, but not in brain stem (*). Lower panel: BACE1 immunohistochemistry. BACE1 staining revealed plaque-like strong immunoreactivity (arrows). Bar = 1 mm. (B) Quantification of Aβ plaque load in the cortex and hippocampus of 5-month-old APP-PS1 (WT) and APP-PS1/ATXN1-KO mice (KO). In parenthesis, number of mice analyzed (n). 5–6 brain sections per mouse. *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001, t-test. (C) Double immunofluorescence staining of Aβ plaques with Aβ and BACE1 antibodies. Arrows indicate BACE1 immunoreactivity around Aβ plaques. Bar = 100 μm. (D) Frontal cortex of 5- and 9-month-old mice immunolabeled for a microglial marker Iba1 and an astrocyte marker GFAP. Arrows, activated microglia and astrocytes. Right panel: higher magnification revealing activated microglia around Congo red-stained dendritic plaques (arrows) and hypertrophy of astrocytes around the plaques (arrows). Bar = 200 μm. (E) Quantification of GFAP+ astrocytes in the cortex of 5-month-old mice. 3–4 brain sections/mouse. See also Figure S4.