Table 1. Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants.
| Item | Controls | PD | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants | 20 | 32 | - |
| Female/Male | 10/10 | 18/14 | 0.878 |
| Age | 69.06 ± 6.86 | 69.36 ± 5.82 | 0.868 |
| LED | - | 523.36 ± 295.31 | - |
| Disease duration | - | 5.16 ± 3.62 | - |
| eTIV (cm3) | 156.81 ± 15.84 | 152.06 ± 17.71 | 0.333 |
| Years of education | 13.14 ± 3.68 | 9.78 ± 6.05 | 0.042 |
| Relative displacement | 0.13 ± 0.06 | 0.16 ± 0.06 | 0.066 |
| H&Y | - | 1.75 ± 0.55 | - |
| UPDRS-III | 2.40 ± 3.02 | 10.69 ± 7.06 | <0.001 |
| TUG | 8.60 ± 1.54 | 9.68 ± 2.39 | 0.079 |
| MMSE | 28.8 ± 1.2 | 28.28 ± 1.42 | 0.18 |
| AQT | 57.25 ± 15.09 | 66.47 ±14.78 | 0.035 |
| AF | 24.80 ± 6.59 | 23.03 ± 5.67 | 0.309 |
Data presented as mean ± standard deviation; p-values, one-way independent samples t-test, excluding male/female numbers which was analyzed via a chi-square test for independence; LED, levodopa equivalent dosage (mg); eTIV, estimated total intracranial volume; Relative displacement, mean value derived from MCFLIRT FSL motion correction; H&Y, Hoehn and Yahr Scale; UPDRS-III, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale part III; TUG, Timed Up and Go test; MMSE, Mini Mental-state Examination; AQT, A quick test of cognitive speed; AF, Animal fluency test