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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2020 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychol. 2019 Apr 30;145:174–184. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2019.04.009

Table 1.

Demographic and diagnostic measures for TD and ASD groups

Variables TD, n = 44a
Mean ± SEM		 ASD, n = 17b
Mean ± SEM		 t-Test,
P-Value
Agec (Mean) 13.61 ± 0.49 11.98 ± 3.42 t59 = 1.69,
P= 0.095
Age (Range) 7.62 – 18.00 y 6.56 – 16.48 y ---
Sex (M:F) 22 M:22 F 14M:3F ---
IQd
Composite 104.43 ± 2.36 100.27 ± 7.35 t39 = 0.71,
P = 0.48
Verbal 102.10 ± 2.48 94.36 ± 7.53 t44 = 1.27,
P = 0.21;
Nonverbal 105.10 ± 2.20 104.67 ± 5.58 t40 = 0.088,
P=0.93
ADOSe 17.82 ± 1.23 ---
Communication --- 4.91 ± 0.46 ---
Reciprocal social interaction --- 9.54 ± 0.68 ---
Imagination/creativity --- 1.00 ± 0.19 ---
Stereotyped behaviors and restricted interests --- 2.36 ±0.51 ---
ADI-Rf
Reciprocal social interaction --- 23.33 ± 1.86 ---
Communication --- 17.17 ± 1.81 ---
Restricted, repetitive, and stereotyped patterns of behavior --- 7.50 ± 0.67 ---
SRSg Total SRS score 27.93 ± 3.30 120.92 ± 7.62 t40 = −11.40,
p = 3.84 × 10−14
Social awareness 6.00 ± 0.60 14.75 ± 1.29 t40 = −7.01,
p = 1.82 × 10−8
Social cognition 5.77 ± 0.80 24.42 ± 1.32 t40 = −12.33,
p = 3.30 × 10−155
Social communication 10.1 ± 1.60 41.17 ± 3.36 t40 = −9.42,
p = 1.05 × 10−11
Social motivation 6.40 ± 0.81 17.92 ± 1.35 t4o = −7.46,
p = 4.39 × 10−9
Autistic mannerisms 3.63 ± 0.68 22.67 ± 1.44 t46= −13.52,
p = 1.67 × 10−16

All tests are thresholded at p < 0.05 (t-test, two-tailed)

a

There are 44 total unique TD subjects: 28 subjects included full experiment analyses (Figures 2 and 3, Supplemental Figure 1); 16 in matched single stimulus ROI analysis (Figure 4); and all 44 for non-matched comparison (Supplemental Figure 2).

b

There are 17 total unique ASD subjects: 12 subjects included full experiment analyses (Figures 2 and 3); and, 16 in matched single stimulus ROI analysis (Figure 4). One participant was excluded, please see methods for details.

c

No significant difference between ages of two groups

d

Assessed using Kaufmann Brief Intelligence Test, Second Edition; no significant difference between IQ scores of each group; n = 11/17 (12 for non-verbal) ASD, n = 30/44 TD

e

Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule; n = 11/17 ASD, 1 subject assessed using Module (Mod) 1, 1 using Module 2, 7 using Module 3, 2 using Module 4; ADOS scores were not available for 3 ASD subjects diagnosed with ADOS.

f

Autism Diagnostic Interview – Revised; n = 6/17 ASD

g

Social Responsiveness Scale (raw-scores); Total SRS score and subscale scores are significantly higher in ASD children compared to TD; n = 12/17 ASD, n = 30/44 TD