Human monocyte THP-1 cells overexpressing VISTA (THP-1VISTA) and control cells (THP-1Ctrl) were stimulated with Pam3Cys4 (10 μg/mL) for the indicated amount of time. (A-B) Total cell lysates were generated and examined by Western blotting. Phosphorylated (p-) Jnk1/2, Erk1/2, p38, IKKα/β, and NF-κBp65, and total IκB were quantified by Image J software and shown in panel C. Shown are representative results from at least three independent repeats.